Mandalay, the very name evokes the splendours of the Burma of old. But, most people will be surprised to learn that Mandalay is not an old city, not even a medieval one, but rather a new city that was created by King Mingdon Min of Burma in 1857 as the new capital of the kingdom of Ava. Only two Burmese kings ruled from there, King Mingdon and King Thibaw, before the British conquest of Upper Burma in 1885. It was a city of splendour between 1858 and 1885 but most of the magnificence is gone, destroyed by the fire that consumed wooden structures and by intensive bombing by the Allies during the Second World War. The city, neatly planned with its lettered roads and numbered streets, is a British creation. The once magnificent Royal Palace and the great Atumashi (incomparable) pagoda, King Mingdon Min's finest creations, are modern reconstructions. Today, Mandalay lies at the end of the Lashio Road and it is, by Burmese standards, relatively prosperous as a centre for trade with China and as a centre for the growing trade with India. Despite the capital having been moved to [wiki=7db5ef3414ee152aeba232e91d161cf9]Naypyidaw[/wiki], Mandalay remains by far the main commercial centre of Upper Myanmar.
Mandalay is ethnically diverse, with the Bamar (Burmans) forming a slight majority. In recent years, there has been a major influx of Chinese from Mainland China, and the local Chinese (both recent migrants and descendants of colonial-era immigrants) form 30 to 40% of the population. Their influence is seen in the China-style glass buildings throughout the city, while the Yunnan dialect of Mandarin is often spoken among the ethnic Chinese community. Other prevalent ethnic groups include the Shan, who are ethnically and linguistically related to the Thais and Laotians, and the Karen (Kayin). There is a sizeable ethnic Indian population, including Nepalis and Sikhs.
Mandalay has a semi-tropical climate. Winter (which is dry and cold) lasts from November to February, and summer lasts from March to May. Because Mandalay is in the central dry zone, it receives far less rain than the more tropical south.
Mandalay International Airport, a gleaming modern facility, serves the area with flights to most places in Myanmar and some international flights. Asian Wings fly once weekly (Wednesdays) from [wiki=57e94893120121f19fa688c7b1f02df2]Chiang Mai[/wiki], [wiki=103357e3e40a9c0e4e9d36110f7bbc7a]Thailand[/wiki]. There are also daily flights to and from [wiki=08b9a179ae67e6d81b865889bc2e9417]Kunming[/wiki] on China Eastern.
Air Asia has 7 direct flights a week from Don Muaeng Airport in Bangkok, Bangkok Airways has a daily flight from Suvanabhumi Airport (BKK), Bangkok as well as 3 a week (Su,Tu, Th) from Chiang Mai (CNX).
The airport is far from the city, 45km on a modern toll highway (with a few hiccups). As of November 2013, pricing from the airport to hotels in central Mandalay is USD15 or MMK12,000 (private taxi), or USD5 or MMK4000 (shared taxi). There are touts from several competing taxi companies in the post-customs arrival area who will approach passengers, although they all charge the same fares.
Expect to pay USD12 to central Mandalay, USD10 from central Mandalay), while shared taxis are MMK4000 or USD5 per person (Mar 2014). USD30 to/from [wiki=d8b3c7461f29da82680c36679737bcb8]Pyin U Lwin[/wiki].
If you are going with a big group or family, you can arrange private transfers from hotels or travel agent in Madalay.
Air Asia and Golden Myanmar Airlines offer free shuttle buses from the airport to the city and back!
From Yangon There are several trains daily from Yangon. The tracks are old and, in some cases, the carriages may be old, and the fifteen hour journey is extremely bumpy. There are sleepers in the last train leaving Yangon to Mandalay, but note that it is all but impossible to sleep on the train as most of the journey is made on extremely bumpy rails. As of April 2014, foreigners can now pay in the local currency and are also charged the same rate as Burmese. Previously, the prices were significantly higher for foreigners and USD was the only currency accepted. Do not buy tickets at the main station in Yangon as they are not issued there. Go to the advance booking office which is not in the main station but in Bogyoke Aung San road on the south side of the tracks, opposite the Sakura Tower and diagonally opposite the Traders Hotel, look for the entrance sign. (The advance booking office was not open as of October 2015, it may be possible to buy advance tickets in the main station, to be confirmed). Depending on class, tickets range from MMK12,750-4,600 for an ordinary seat. In order to reserve a ticket for the evening train, you must go to the train station at 07:00 on the same day.
From Lashio, Hsipaw, and Pwin U Lwin There are two trains daily from Pyin U Lwin (USD4/2) and one from Lashio via Hsipaw and Pwin U Lwin (USD9/3 from Hsipaw). These trains are slow, crowded, but fascinating. The Pyin U Lwin - Hsipaw section includes the famous Gokteik Viaduct, a feat of Raj ingenuity (and American construction!).
From Myitkyina This twenty-four hour journey is on old rolling stock and even older tracks so expect it to be bumpy! There are at least four daily trains. The express train number 38 departs Myitkyina at 04:30 and arrives in Mandalay late in the evening (USD31 for upper class). (Express?) train 56 departs Myitkyina at 07:45 and arrives at 04.15 the next morning (USD27). Train 34 departs at 13:50 and arrives at 07.20 (USD45). Train 58 departs at 15:10 and arrives at 12.20 the next day (USD27). Express trains don't call in at Hopin (for Indawgyi lake) or Nada (for Katha). Departures are on time, but arrival are later, sometimes significantly later. (Mar 2014)
There are at least three bus stations in Mandalay. The biggest one, Kywe Se Kan Highway station (aka Chan Mya Shwe Pyi), is the furthest away from city center, about 8 km.
Pyi Gyi Myat Shin bus station is south east of downtown (on the corner of 60th and 37th streets). Destinations includes Pyin U Lwin, Kyaukme, Hsipaw and Lashio.
Thiri Mandala bus station is west of downtown at the end of 23rd Street, and is the closest to city center.
From Yangon There is a night bus with air-con, and there are 5 options: 17:00, 18:00, 19:00, 21:00 and 21:30 departure, MMK10,400, 8.5-9 hours to Mandalay. "Sleepers" in overnight buses are more expensive than seats. JJ express company has buses leaving in the evening and arriving in the early morning (ex: leaving at 9pm, arriving at 6am); 18500 for a sleeper un a premium bus. Almost certainly the cheapest - and by far the most comfortable - option for getting between the two main cities in Myanmar.
From Bagan a comfortable bus is available for MMK14,000 and MMK16,000 for a minibus(6-7 hours). There are many bus options to choose from. As of Apr 2013, there are 3 daily minibuses, and 2 daily coaches. It's claimed that the minibuses are faster than the coaches, but they still take 6-7 hours. The buses leave daily at 09:00 and 14:00. The minibuses leave at 08:00, 12:00, and 16:00.
From [wiki=9750a2c4e0c98f090b54e9aa9b30ea92]Inle Lake[/wiki], [wiki=eea3cd75f71b9d0a7d9b05d09824b584]Kalaw[/wiki] or Mid-Eastern Towns There are buses available along this route, either a day minibus (05:00 departure, MMK9,000, 9 hours) or a night bus with air-con (18:00 departure). The minibus in the day takes a slightly shorter route than the larger (and some say more comfortable) full-sized night bus. Expect windy and bumpy roads, stops for picking up and putting down passengers, and, if you are lucky, a search of the bus by un-uniformed and just-bribed police officers.
From the Highway Bus Station you can either take a taxi or pick-up into town. Taxis are overly expensive (quoting prices as high as MMK2,000 per person or MMK7,000 for the car), and often bargain in a mob fashion except they all offer the same price and try and gang-up on you. As of May 2014, a taxi ride to city centre costs MMK6,000 with a little bargaining. A far cheaper option is to simply walk out of the bus station yards to the West (perhaps 10 minutes to the larger north/south road, look for traffic lights) and find one of the pick-ups which just ran a load of people to the station from town (MMK500 per person) - they are normally more than happy to help and there is no commission issues to worry about. A motorbike taxi for the same journey costs MMK2,500.
From Bagan there are boat services at different levels of luxury. The trip is about 10 hours travel time and around USD40.
The ferry services from Mandalay to Bagan will be shut down, except for the slow ferry ( available only on certain days in the week), during the months of April, May and June when the water level in the river is low.
From Pyin U Lwin there are pick ups and shared taxis waiting outside the train station to transport passengers to Mandalay. While the train journey between Pyin U Lwin to Mandalay can take about six hours, the journey by pick up or shared taxi takes only two hours. The journey costs about MMK1500 - 2000 / person in a shared pick up. Expect to be crammed in with other local and foreign passengers.
Maha Myat Muni Paya (Burmese: ma-ha myah mu-ni pei-ya) (Mahamuni Paya, Paya is the term for pagoda) is Myanmar's second holiest pilgrimage site. It is a 4-metre high Buddha statue, made of gold and decorated with precious jewels. The image was brought from Rakhine State, southeast of Mandalay. Only men are allowed to approach the Mahamuni. For 1600kyat, you can get a small pack of gold leaves to partake in the ceremonial tradition of decorating the buddha statue. Over the past century a layer of gold over 6" deep has been pressed into the body of Mahamuni.
* Shwe Kyi Myin Paya (Burmese: shui ji myin pei-ya) was built in the 1st century, by Prince Min Shin Saw.
* Mandalay Hill (Burmese: man-da-lei thaonh) is a 230m hill located near Mandalay. Along its path are several monasteries and temples. At its top are famous pagodas and temples. Beautiful at sunset and many monks also make the trip up for sunset to practice their English with foreigners. *Alert: There are fake monks who will talk to and show tourists around, and then proceed to ask for money. The Vinaya prohibits monks from asking for money, do not give money to any monks.
Mandalay Zone Admission Fees (USD10) give you access to the following sites:
* Shwenandaw Monastery is a monastery made entire out of teak wood with beautiful intricate carvings. It was originally part of the royal palace built by King Mindon and moved to its current location by his son, King Thibaw in the late 19th century. It is the only major building from the original wooden royal palace to have survived the bombing during World War II, and thus is the only authentic part of the royal palace which can still be seen today. Also located at the foot of Mandalay Hill, all of these sites can be visited together.
* Sandamuni Paya (Burmese: san-da-mu-ni pei-ya), located at the foot of Mandalay Hill, is similar to Kuthodaw Paya, an adjacent site. Sandamuni contains the world's largest iron Buddha image.
* Kuthodaw Paya (Burmese: ku-tho-dau pei-ya) is site of the world's largest book, located at the foot of Mandalay Hill. Built by King Mingdon in the 1800s, 729 white stupas within the complex contain the complete text of the Tripitaka, Theravada Buddhism's most sacred text.
* Maha Atulawaiyan Monastery (or Atumashi), to the south of Kuthodaw Paya
* Kyauk Taw Gyi Pagoda, contains an image of the Buddha carved out of a single block of marble from the Sagyin Hill. The figures of 80 arahats or the disciples of the Buddha, are arranged around the central shrine, 20 on each side. The carving of the image was completed in 1865
* Myanan San Kyaw Golden Palace, inside the Mandalay Palace City. USD10 to get in, and not well maintained, nor exciting.
Royal Palace (Burmese: man-da-lei nan-dau) is a walled city within Mandalay. It was built in 1861 by King Mindon, to fulfil a prophecy. The palace, although destroyed in World War II, was rebuilt, and was renovated recently. In addition, while the design of the reconstruction was fairly faithful to the original, the materials used were not (metal was use instead of the original teak wood). The palace contains several pavilions and chambers. Tourists are permitted to enter only from the East Gate; no exceptions are made - don't be confused by locals entering the site from other sides - they're allowed, you're not. And mind that it's a long walk around the site - might look confusingly close, while it's not. As of February 2015, foreigners are charged 10,000 kyat (equivalent of USD10), payable in kyat only, for a 5-day ticket; the ticket is stamped on each day you visit the palace and gives access to all of its exhibits. An almost kilometre walk connects the entry gate to the palace proper. Replicas of throne rooms and chairs and Madame Tussaud style images of Kings Mindon and Thibaw with their chief consorts are on display.
* At the west end is the Palace Museum where all palace memorabilia is on display including religious paraphernalia, court ritual implements, court dresses and uniforms, furniture, palanquins and litters, as well as armoury - all in their typical intricate Myanmar design and execution. There are also photo exhibits. The palace is good to visit in the late afternoons, during the setting phase of the sun, as the gold roofs will reflect the warm sunlight and produce a nice and warm glowing effect.
A vanishing sight almost anywhere in the world, see magnificent street-block long teak tree trunks the diameter of which is the size of a boy's stretched out arms being hauled by 8-wheeler trucks. You can see them at least twice a day, coming from the river.
Most budget guest houses are located around 25th St, between 81st and 84th Streets. There are many more than the maximum of 9 in each section that we list here. Prices are not much cheaper than Yangon.
* New hostel in Mandalay (opened ~Jan 2015), great and place to stay. Centrally located, very close to the train station and just south of the palace. Very friendly staff! Dorms and rooms are very clean and have AC. Breakfast included, free towel, free tea and coffee all day long. Nice rooftop where you can chill. Good value for money, especially in Myanmar.
* Great place to stay! Central location in the heart of Zeygo market. Rooftop is something special. Rooms are tacky and bathrooms dated but the price is right, also with stable free Wi-Fi (pass: ilovead.1). Sgl USD15, dbl USD25 (Feb 2013). The rooms on the first floor are mouldy, dark and smelly.
*Awesome budget guesthouse in a unique building. Also an art school, music class and art studio. Very friendly and helpful staff who speak excellent English and can book you tickets to EVERYWHERE! Clean and lovely rooms with air-con and fan, even in the dorms. Local breakfast in nearby tea house. Good wifi. Bicycles (MMK1500 per day) and motorbikes (auto $10, semi-auto$9) for hire as well.
* Nice and clean, free Wi-Fi (password: et832324 & ethotel.83 on upper floors) tours and transport booking, friendly staff. Breakfast and towels included. Cheapest rooms with shared bathroom and fan are on the roof - single USD12, double USD20 (Mar 2015). En suite twin room USD30 (rather poor value since the place is completely worn down and the beds are hard and also not clean, plus the pillows are ridiculously bad), room was quite big. Beware, many of the roof rooms offer little to no sound insulation, and you may be woken up by the construction crew talking loudly very early in the morning.
* Friendly and helpful staff. The rooms are a bit worn but clean and there is room service daily. Toilet paper, soap, towel included. Double room was two single beds pushed together with separate bedding. Motorbikes MYK8000. Reasonable Wi-Fi (faster than surrounding hotels) in lobby only. Staff charge MYK2000 to book tickets. Cheapest in the 83rd St/25th St area in April 2014 (including Thingyan festival).
* Acceptable digs but no ambiance. Rooms are a bit worn but clean (sometimes you have to insist on the cleanliness bit). Fantastic water pressure and hot water! Staff helpful and breakfast included. Great working Wi-Fi in rooms.
* Air-con and fan in room - whilst the power is working the air con is really cold, fan and lights are hooked up to a 24/7 generator. Room/bathroom quality is standard for Myanmar at this price. Make sure that the air-con works before you commit to a room. Basic Breakfast and working but slow Wi-Fi in lobby only. Double bed wasn't too comfy, but sufficient. No email/website, but the weblink has video and info. Staff are polite, but passive and not overly helpful.
* comfortable accommodation for couples and individuals looking for a quiet hotel within a few minutes (by bicycle or car) of the centre of Mandalay.
*Place is very basic but very clean. Showers have hot water which works even blackouts. There is usually no electricity from morning to 17:00 though (April 2013). Quite popular in backpackers. All rooms have air-con. Free Wi-Fi in the lobby.
* Popular, Lonely Planet "Our Pick". This place does fill up pretty quickly, so if you want to be sure - place a reservation before arriving in Mandalay. Cheaper rooms have fan and shared bathroom (Double rate as of August 15th 2012 USD25, single rate USD20) - more expensive have air-con and attached bathroom (Double rate as of February 2013 USD30). The air-con is on the government grid and so will go down during (common) blackouts. Friendly (well, not really) staff, and close to the Royal Palace. Bike rental (MYK1500 per day, negotiable) available across the road.
* Semi-squalid, cell-like rooms on the first floor. Larger rooms with air-con and fan on floors 2 and 3. Some of the best water pressure in Burma. Free Wi-Fi working well. Very friendly staff except the owner, who can anger very quickly. Can help with booking a bus, but will charge more than double the price at the bus company. Rooms can be unclean: e.g bedsheets not changed for new guests (in case ask for clean ones). Not all rooms have hot water. Triple room in first floor without bathroom is USD30, sgl USD13. Rooms in the tops are more expensive. Dbl USD20 (Aug 2013)
* Comfortable accommodation for couples, family and individuals who looking for a quiet hotel quiet place within a few minutes (by bicycle or car) of the centre of Mandalay, new business district of Mingalar Garden City and Mandalay Convention Centre Project. Free Wi-Fi , tea/coffee facility, hot & cold water, friendly staff will help to book for a highway bus, airticket
*Opened in 2014. One of the cleanest hotels in Myanmar. LED TV and mini bar. All amenities included. (Towels, soap, bath foam, toilet paper, free coffee and jug kettle, hair dryer, free bottled water, bathroom slippers etc.) Early check in possible. Buffet breakfast with many choices including rice, bread, noodles, etc. Large banquet hall. Reasonable prices of food, and 24 hour service. Fast Wi-Fi compared to other hotels.
* Great breakfast included with fruits, western and local food, free Wi-Fi & drinking water. Clean bathrooms with warm water. The owner "Mama" and the staff are very kind and helpful. Kind of a homestay feeling. Bicycles for rent (USD2 per day). They organize bus tickets and sightseeing tours. Booking through their Facebook page or email. Only 5 mins walk from Eastern Bus station (buses that go to Pyin Oo Lwin, Hsipaw, Kyaukme,etc). It's about 10 mins drive to major attraction sites.
New and popular hotel located at the back side of the train station. Comfortable rooms for around $. Fast Wi-Fi in all rooms for free. Helpful staff.
*Next to shopping centre with a large and modern supermarket on the ground floor. Hotel rooms are extra large however rooms are old and run down. Bed is hard and internet connection is poor and very slow. The room is fully decorated with wooden furniture and has nice views of Mandalay city from the top floor. The capsule shower is interest but water pressure is okay. Price (May 2013) with breakfast was USD95. No credit card facilities.
*Clean, comfortable en suite rooms, buffet breakfast included, Wi-Fi, inexpensive minibar in rooms. Ideal for couples or sharing room with friends. Many rooms also have a view towards the palace. Most guests are better-off Burmese, but the hotel is equally-well set up to cater for foreigners, and all staff speak English. The early check-in is perfect for those arriving in Mandalay in the small hours of the morning on night buses. Beware of possible confusion with the name: this used to be called simply Royal Hotel, as their webpage indicates, and this is NOT the same place as "Power Hotel" listed in other guidebooks/websites.
*Newly built hotel in 2013, just south of the Mandalay palace Comfortable and clean but simple rooms, with a great breakfast spread and fast Wi-Fi. Within walking distance to the Too Too restaurant (that is popular among tourists although honestly not very good). Helpful staff will help arrange tours to Sagaing, taxis, and shows. Reasonably priced at USD70/night.
*Near busiest market of Mandalay. Clean rooms. Bungalows at the top of bldg.
Peaceful location, clean rooms.
* A Singaporean-owned hotel built using a blend of traditional Burmese and modern architecture. Good view of the Royal Palace and Mandalay Hill as it is directly facing them.