The climate is temperate and monsoonal, with a cold, dry winter and a hot and humid summer. The average temperature for a full year is just 2°C, but covers over wide span of monthly averages ranging from a bone chilling −20°C in January to a quite warm +21°C average in July. The city sees an average of 686 mm precipitation in a year, but unfortunately the lions' share falls in the warm summer months. The number of sunny days per year is 70, which is higher than Moscow's 54. Climate-wise, end of May - early June or end of August - early September are the best time for a visit.
The lands near the confluence of the Ussury and the Amur, where today's Khabarovsk stands, have been populated for centuries by the indigenous Tungusic people. Chinese expeditions reached this area as early as the first half of the 15th century, and in the mid-17th century the Amur Valley became the scene of hostilities between the Russian Cossacks, trying to expand into the region, and the rising Manchu Qing Dynasty, bent on securing the region for itself. Nearly a century of skirmishes between the Chinese, Koreans and Cossacks followed, one of those involving Russian explorer Yerofey Khabarov, whose name the city later adapted. The Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) brought the conflict to a close and made the area an undisputed part of the Chinese Qing Empire. According to French Jesuits mapping the Ussury and the Amur rivers in 1709, the future site of Khabarovsk was known to the Chinese as Yupi Dazi ("Fishskin Tartars").
In 1858, the area was ceded to Russia under the Treaty of Aigun. The Russians founded the military outpost of Khabarovka (Хаба́ровка), which subsequently became an important industrial centre for the region. The Russian Geographical Society then began founding libraries, theaters, and museums in the growing city. Since then, Khabarovsk's cultural life has flourished. Much of the local indigenous history has been well-preserved in the Regional Lore Museum and Natural History Museum and in places like near the Nanai settlement of Sikhachi-Alyan, where cliff drawings from more than 1,300 years ago can be found.
The Trans-Siberian first reached Khabarovsk from Vladivostok in 1897, while the complete railway to Moscow did not see completion until 1913. Three years later, the Khabarovsk Bridge across the Amur was completed, allowing Trans-Siberian trains to cross the river without using ferries. The city was occupied by the Japanese for much of the Russian Civil War, which may offer some explanation to the many old buildings still standing around the city center.
Khabarovsk Novy Airport -
With the more than 1.8 million passengers per year Khabarovsk's airport is the leading airport of the [wiki=49722bf45fe3d7362f1495ddc5a982be]Russian Far East[/wiki] which gradually becomes the regional hub for air traffic. Also the Novy Airport is a refueling and emergency landing point for polar flights between North America and Asia.
The airport is split to two terminals - Domestic and International one with 2-3 minutes walking distance between them. All public transit are located near the International Terminal. While taxi can be found in abundance at both terminals.
The main carrier in the region is Russian flag-carrier Aeroflot, followed by Transaero, S7 Airlines, Ural Airlines, Asiana Airlines, China Eastern, China Southern and a number of a regional airlines. With Aeroflot and S7 being the members of SkyTeam and Oneworld list of possible destinations (through a code-sharing flight) extends to the whole South East Asia.
*Domestic flights are from [wiki=7e35e74e610188414ad24235dd787c78]Moscow[/wiki] (Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo), [wiki=53e900778331887011cd918a45bc1d34]Yakutsk[/wiki], Blagoveschensk (Ignatyevo), [wiki=141610764096e0253c6d388242e6c51d]Anadyr[/wiki] (Ugolny), [wiki=bb94646e8dc57ee333222f76296e9f3c]Magadan[/wiki] (Sokol), [wiki=6b4c3bb387a2d94aeaca6ef40cfded90]Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky[/wiki] ( Yelizovo), [wiki=56f7a819d644a9faa03f5b7cf8e8b272]Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk[/wiki], [wiki=e5aa23b540ec1892cc88127073613ec0]Vladivostok[/wiki], [wiki=ef937327b5563c0003e9e24cb8b418d7]Chita[/wiki], [wiki=91096d8fb26e22feebbb050667f4cdf5]Irkutsk[/wiki], [wiki=22fff61a3287c43e29708413ba8c7c97]Ulan-Ude[/wiki] (Mukhino), [wiki=862d60f5be96b7f4cfbd82cc5e4f0892]Krasnoyarsk[/wiki] (Yemelyanovo), [wiki=f38c039e89b151ba91c0ca6a990ae9ba]Novosibirsk[/wiki] (Tolmachevo), Neryungri, [wiki=0f0f6cf9a264bd0171b4996970810d69]Okha[/wiki], [wiki=8ffdfe3806b3750a9cac952df517b718]Nogliki[/wiki].
*International flights are from [wiki=53a577bb3bc587b0c28ab808390f1c9b]Japan[/wiki] - [wiki=62413a57c5e3dc51177995fa175d3286]Tokyo[/wiki] (Narita Int.); [wiki=4d4803b0bb7dab1b0627e4f8277edc5b]South Korea[/wiki] - [wiki=fd38499c5c04df42d1d78807aa4b7d7d]Seoul[/wiki] (Incheon Int.), [wiki=ae54a5c026f31ada088992587d92cb3a]China[/wiki] - [wiki=78fb473f134eed43c959f9ebdeeb4050]Beijing[/wiki] (Beijing Capital Int.), [wiki=73fd77c513b4a6aa081850cd86a7d0c4]Harbin[/wiki] (Taiping), [wiki=42f636580d34a5d68e4b51665b46f39d]Jiamusi[/wiki]; [wiki=8b476ff778119b8d49588f3daadf69a1]Hong Kong[/wiki] (Hong Kong Int. Kai Tak)
=====Transfer to city=====
Several public transit options available:
* Taxi. If preordered the average ride to the city center would cost you around 300 RUB (with baggage included in the rate), though on site prices might be as high as 1,000 RUB (especially if arriving at night when no other options available).
* Bus. Bus 18 serves the southern neighbourhood and bus 35 - the northern one, so if you are staying in the central location you would better take a trolleybus otherwise you would need to change a bus somewhere halfway. Fare 20 RUB.
* Trolleybus. Trolleybus 1 takes you to the Amur embankment via Lenin Sq making it the cheapest way to the city center. Look for the trolleybus wires next to the International Terminal to locate the stop. Fare also 20 RUB. For both buses and trolleybuses conductors sometimes will try to charge you extra 20 RUB for every big (>55cm in length/height) piece of baggage which is legal though rarely practiced relatively to Russians.
* Marshrutka. Small-sized buses operated by private licensed drivers. Faster than buses and trolleybuses though much less space for baggage. Fare 20 RUB paid to the driver. Try marshrutka 60 for the Amur embankment (repeats trolleybus 1 route) or marshrutka 80 to the riverside station which is also a central location.
Wikitravel has a guide to [wiki=a98f3382c0f7855760114d43db721f4d]Trans-Siberian Railway[/wiki].
Khabarovsk railway station, listed in most train schedules as Хабаровск 1, is a major stop on the Trans-Siberian Railway. There are several trains each day bound for [wiki=e5aa23b540ec1892cc88127073613ec0]Vladivostok[/wiki] (800 km) and [wiki=7e35e74e610188414ad24235dd787c78]Moscow[/wiki] (about 8500 km) along the main Trans-Siberian line. Other options include trains 035 or 386 to [wiki=93c857fefce0bd363606c3266cdd86a9]Blagoveshchensk[/wiki], 325 for Tynda, 667 for [wiki=f527faf4653e1571e68d74c86854c14c]Komsomolsk[/wiki], 943 for [wiki=be1c37991c9ca1dd95f99b624ab14550]Vanino[/wiki] - all on the [wiki=ca9d0bbfac31bb895a4e751980d4ff87]Baikal-Amur Mainline[/wiki].
[wiki=be1c37991c9ca1dd95f99b624ab14550]Vanino[/wiki] is an interesting option as it allows ferry connections to [wiki=eedfc25c7412e7860273f001307332a1]Sakhalin[/wiki] and further on to [wiki=82190c029d1d38ccd4dbf556686ab147]Wakkanai[/wiki] in [wiki=53a577bb3bc587b0c28ab808390f1c9b]Japan[/wiki] - see more details in the [wiki=555067f0db888913bd531bc942e1fe95]Russia to Japan via Sakhalin[/wiki] itinerary.
If you want to go to places along the Amur river the Meteor speedboats will often be your transport of choice but only during the navigation period (usually May to mid October). In 2008, however, the water level in the Amur was at a historic low, so that the river traffic was disordered. If operated normally you can consider these options:
* Go some 1,000 km downstream to the Ul'chi municipal district, a region mostly inhabited by indigenous Ul'chi people.
* There are up to five daily hydrofoil services to a shopping-city satellite Fuyuan in bordering [wiki=ae54a5c026f31ada088992587d92cb3a]China[/wiki], departing from the ferry terminal facing the Amur river.
* If you are heading for the [wiki=ca9d0bbfac31bb895a4e751980d4ff87]BAM line[/wiki] up north, an interesting option is to take a hydrofoil cruising up the Amur river to [wiki=f527faf4653e1571e68d74c86854c14c]Komsomolsk[/wiki] (6 hours), and catch a train from there.
Khabarovsk is a relatively compact city, making it a walker's delight and at times being the quickest method of transport. The best thing to start with is to walk around the central part of the city. Have a nice walk from Lenin Square to the Amur River via the main street, Muraviev-Amursky. Here you will find all sorts of shops and places to eat. The journey takes around 15-20 minutes. Other important tourist locations within the city center can be reached on foot too.
The city has a network of six tram lines (Lines 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9). The most useful section for visitors is the stretch of the network running from the main railway station along Amursky Boulevard, before making a left turn up Sheronova St. and crossing Muraviev-Amursky St. just one block west of Lenin Square, then it continues south intersecting Lenin Street roughly at its halfway point, two more stops bring you to 'Dendrarium' botanical gardens (all lines except Line 5). The remainder of the network mainly extends into the sleepy suburbs. Line 5 serves the North from the main railway station. 15 RUB fare paid to a conductor. Keep your ticket until the end of the journey.
Trolleybus network accounts for 4 lines. Lines 3, 4 and 5 connect southern city district Sudoverf with Komsomolskaya Sq, airport and main railway station respectively, while Line 1 has a connection between airport and Komsomolskaya Sq. (River promenade, Museum cluster). Same 15 RUB fare.
[wiki_table=0e612c09]
There is a fantastic cluster of top notch museums along Shevchenko Street, just behind the tall blue-domed Church of Theotokos on Komsomolskaya Square towards the river and stadium. Not only are the museums some of the best in the far east, they also make their home in some impressive century-old buildings dating back to before the revolution. After a visit, the nice river promenade is just a short walk away, so you can wash all that new found knowledge away with some pivos in good company.
*One of the oldest museums in the Russian far east, laid out in 6 sections in an impressive 1894 red-brick building. For the most part it's leaps and bounds ahead of the region's other museums, and with nearly half a million artifacts in the collection, they can afford to be picky about what they display. The ethnographic section with displays of indigenous cultures from around the Amur is unusually informative, but the zoology section is also worth a look, stuffed animals galore! To top it off, it has actually seen some substantial renovations lately, and they even have a few English captions here and there. May be worth considering but the price for foreigners is high for what you see.
*Established in the thirties and now housed in the building of a former officers' club. Them seem to take most pride in their collection of Far Eastern aboriginal art, but they also have a rare collection of ancient Russian religious icons and Japanese porcelain. In the classic exhibition they have a few painters you may have heard of like Titian and Garofalo, but also some lesser known Russian masters.
*Another impressive building from the turn of the 20th century, this one was the state bank up until the 1930s. Weapons galore propped up by medals and other memorabilia. If you are not interested in these sort of things, you can probably give it a miss, but they have a few cool war propaganda posters from the Great Patriotic War and a luxury officers' railway carriage from the twenties in the courtyard, if you need to entertain yourself for a while while any male company goes into boy mode.
Tugged away just across the next street behind the military museum, you also find the Archeology Museum on Turgeneva street.
*Part of the regional museum but located in a attractive separate building which, before the October revolution got him, was owned by the owner of a local brewery. Finds from the dawn of man up until the middle ages. Their collection of ancient ceramics is interesting, and the Sikachi-Alyan petroglyphs and Sheremetyevsky inscription replicas are also worth a look.
A small museum which houses a previously private collection of around 2000 original artifacts, documents, models and photographs telling about the history and construction of the Far Eastern Railway.
* Temporary exhibitions of professional painters, sculptures, designers and other artists from the far east. The exhibits changes monthly.
*Housed in a beautiful 19th century building, once belonging to a prominent local merchant family. True to its name, this museum has a huge collection of rocks and minerals - some even some from outer space, like a few moon fragments brought home to Earth by automatic probes and one of the world's largest iron meteorites which crashed into the Sikhot-Ailin mountains in the forties. If you are not into stones, you could check out the small section on tools and equipment related to prospecting in the region or the collection of prehistoric plant and animal fossils. Outside the museum there are a few large monoliths of minerals, ores and rocks.
*Actually the youngest museum in town, only opened in 2004. A small museum which details the history of Khabarovsk from its inception up until today. Covering the pre-revolutionary period, the October Revolution and the civil war in Khabarovsk, the city during World War II, and up until the Perestroika and modern Khabarovsk. The collection is mainly made up of everyday items, photographs and documents from private donations.
The Founded in 1896 as a experimental laboratory, it was transformed into an a 12 hectare (27 acre) botanical garden in the thirties. It's a nice place for a stroll among the many trees, bushes and flowers, about 800 different kinds of them gathered from nearly every continent; some exotic medical plants also grow here.
*Christianity is alive and well in Russia, as this golden domed church towering above Khabarovsk is evidence of. Only completed in 2004, at 83 meters it's the 3rd tallest church in all of Rusia - inside it's not that impressive, just large. The monastery, or rather the Theological Seminary, right next to it is also worth a look a brief look from the outside. Opposite, facing the Amur is a war memorial "Вечный огонь" ("the eternal flame"), rather kitschy but has good Amur views. The whole thing is labeled as the Ploshchad Slavy or the Square of Glory.
*A quite attractive park spreading over 30 hectares, immensely popular with locals on sunny days. The water ponds to the south are popular for splashing and cooling down. There are several nice, quirky statues cut from huge wooden logs dotted all over the park which can be interesting to trace down in a small treasure hunt for adults. There are also a handful of running amusements, cafés and beer gardens. Just across the street from the eastern entrance, Khabarovsk's local ice-hockey team battles it out in the premier Russian league in the Platinum arena.
Annual ice sculpting competition that has been held in January every year since 2001. Attracts some of the sculptors from the much grander and more famous Harbin festival. Worth a look if you're in town.
(Международный торговый центр 'Выборгский') on Vyborgskaya Street is a huge and very lively market, with not only local Russians but also a visible example of the proximity to China - many Chinese traders selling imported products of every variety under the sun, e.g. domestic appliances, toys, cutlery and clothing, from from their home country. There is also a couple of huge indoor halls with locals selling fruits, vegetables and meat. It's well worth a stroll, even if you don't plan on buying anything. Open 9AM-7PM.
* 3 floors of high-end shopping in a nice old building, renovated inside out a couple of years back, but it's actually the oldest business in the city. Fashion, electronics, watches, perfumery and other stuff along those lines. Also has a ATM that takes international credit cards.
* Means "Art salon", all Russian handicrafts slightly cheaper than its next door neighbour. Good place to get the ritual Matreshka doll purchase over and done with, since they are good quality here, though certainly not cheap. Also has a good selection of jewelery and Khokhloma items - a traditional Russian wood painting handicraft, though if you're heading west, you might want to wait for [wiki=c9068eee1dc60fff1f00a053d795ed68]Nizhny Novgorod[/wiki] where they originate. .
* Inside the impressive old city Duma building (see picture [wiki=4d2cacd9526027782e69a99f82489b2e#History]above[/wiki]) is probably the best place in town to buy souvenirs, but bring a pair of pants with deep pockets, because you'll need them to buy most of what you see in the shop; art works by the far east's aboriginal peoples, Khokhloma goods, art, jewelery, stone and amber handicrafts and even toys.
* A large prestigious supermarket in the city's center located at the road junction offering a good deal of cheap food, brand clothes and electronic stuff with a 3D cinema on the 5th floor and a couple of small restaurants.
Fine burritos and other Mexican dishes at a reasonable price. Run by an American lady.
* McDonald's-style eatery.
* There is a lot of students from the Railway college nearby.
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Shokoladnitsa at 69, Lenina st. and 44, Muravyov-Amursky st. 08:00-24:00. All-Russian brand cafes offering a variety of coffee and chocolate drinks.
* Cafe COFFEE is one more network to relax in town. Addresses: 43, Karl Marx st. and 64, Komsomolskaya st.
*Cafe which serves a descent coffee, and also works if you want a bite, all while you browse their free wifi. Sometimes there is live music to accompany your drink.
* Stylish and cosy cafe with live sound, Russian-European food, coffee and theme parties.
Mobile operators are the same as anywhere in Russia: MTS (МТС), Megaphon (Мегафон) and Beeline (Билайн). Buying a SIM card needs a passport in Russia. Refilling locations are QIWI terminals or salons of mobiles: Evroset (Евросеть), Svyaznoy (Связной) and Sotoviy mir (Сотовый мир).
* upd: checked the address 02/20/2013, found nothing.
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* Free wi-fi in a lounge cafe
The General post office at 28 Muravyov-Amurskiy St. If you plan on calling anyone, Khabarovsk is UTC +10 (or 7 hours ahead of Moscow).
The post-office at the railway station is located on 13 Leningradsky per. about 200m from the station building.
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