[url=http://www.visitpanama.com]Panama[/url] is a country in [wiki=ec70c3bdf0d9840a8e3c74aad6d27c82]Central America[/wiki] with coastlines on both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, with [wiki=ef3388cc5659bccb742fb8af762f1bfd]Colombia[/wiki] (and [wiki=aab422acb3d2334a6deca0e1495745c2]South America[/wiki]) to the southeast and [wiki=5882b568d8a010ef48a6896f53b6eddb]Costa Rica[/wiki] (and [wiki=5ffec2d87ab548202f8b549af380913a]North America[/wiki]) to the northwest. It's strategically located on the isthmus that forms the land bridge connecting North and South America and controls the Panama Canal that links the North Atlantic Ocean via the Caribbean Sea with the North Pacific Ocean, one of the most important shipping routes in the world.
Less than 9 degrees north of the equator, most of Panama enjoys temperatures that are fairly consistent year round, with daytime temperatures 30-33°C and night time around 21-23°C). Tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season, called winter or invierno (May to November); short dry season, called summer or verano (December to April). The most popular time to travel to Panama is December through March, when lower humidity and nearly zero percent chance of rain make it more ideal for travellers.
During most of the rainy season, mornings and early afternoons are usually sunny, while late afternoons and evenings have intermittent rainfall.
Most areas are quite warm, but a few places, such as [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki], [wiki=36b841b52420518a41520b4c36fb922b]Cerro Punta[/wiki] and [wiki=83079d06d108ed5e7189ad647ee6db15]El Valle[/wiki] can get a little chilly at night. You definitely want a heavy rain-proof jacket if you're going to the top of Barú since you will be above 3000m for a little while.
Natural hazards: Occasional severe storms and forest fires in the remote Darien area. Hurricane-strong winds are only a very small possibility in Panama. Because of its geographic position, it is very unlikely that Panama could be in the path of any hurricane, unlike the other Central American countries. Hurricanes normally hit farther north.
Interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills
Highest point : Volcan Barú in Chiriqui Province 3,475 m. On a clear day they say you can see both oceans from the peak.
Independence : 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821)
National holiday : Independence Day, 3 November (1903)
Panama's public holidays reflect its patriotism [url=http://bestplacesintheworldtoretire.com/questions-and-answers/1046-what-are-the-holidays-of-coronado-panama]]and its Catholic roots.[http://bestplacesintheworldtoretire.com/questions-and-answers/796-what-are-the-holidays-of-pedasi-azuero-peninsula-central-panama-province[/url]
With US backing, Panama seceded from [wiki=ef3388cc5659bccb742fb8af762f1bfd]Colombia[/wiki] in 1903 and promptly signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a canal and [wiki=1f122dd19db580fd03635dd699fb49de]US[/wiki] sovereignty over a strip of land on either side of the structure (the Panama Canal Zone). The Panama Canal was built by the US Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914.
Constitution : 11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983 and 1994
On 7 September 1977, an agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the Canal from the US to Panama by the end of 1999. Certain portions of the Zone and increasing responsibility over the Canal were turned over in the intervening years. The entire Panama Canal, the area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military bases were turned over to Panama by or on 31 December 1999.
Panama is a relatively cheap country, with areas such as hospitality and transportation seeming cheap to many foreigners. Food might be a bit more expensive than in the United States or other countries, depending if the food is able to be produced in Panama or not. A gallon of milk can set you back around $3.80-$4:50 which compared to milk's US average price of $3.80 on December 2013 is not much of a difference. Food in Panama's top restaurants is relatively inexpensive, with a meal in the highest end of restaurants costing around $30-$40. If you really want the true Panamanian experience, you might also want to visit a "fonda", which might sometimes not be hygienic (most of the time they are, the government is pretty much on top of them and as soon as someone complains about them, an inspection ensues) or Niko's Cafe, a buffet-style cafeteria where you can eat a wide variety of Panamanian meals at inexpensive prices, from around $3-$10.
Hospitality is also very cheap compared to prices in the USA or in Western Europe, with a night at a top hotel in luxury rooms costing around $120-$150 in the capital, Panama City. If you go to the interior of the country, you will find even better prices in hotels nearby to centric locations.
Public transportation is also extremely inexpensive, although not reliable. A trip in one of the city's "Metro Bus" will cost you $0.25 (they will only get you around Panama City though), while taxi fares are not that expensive. It is advisable to always have precaution with using public transportation, as the "Metro Bus"es are known to be a place where petty larceny occurs (might get your cellphone etc. stolen) and taxis will charge you exorbitant prices just for being a tourist, while taking a cab at night might get you in a very dangerous situation, especially if the cab is already occupied by other people when you get in. If using a cab, travel in group and get a chart with taxi prices per distance for Panama City. In the interior of the country, public transportation is cheap and safe, as most people from the countryside are honest and hardworking. Taxis, however might still try to make you pay exorbitant prices. Always exercise caution.
There are two kinds of buses in Panama. The ones you find on the highway, and "city buses". The highway buses are constantly making journeys from terminals in Panama city to different destinations along the Pan American Highway, and back to the terminal. They're pretty frequent, and the buses will pick you up or drop you off at any point along their route, and most of them are air conditioned. The roughly linear shape of the country makes it ideal for a bus system, so ideal in fact that you don't really need to rent a car to get around most areas. Take a bus to the intersection on the Pan American highway that you want. You can get on a bus any place on the Pan American highway going towards Panama City, but all trips originating from within the city require a ticket. The Grand Terminal in the city is large and modern, and will remind you of an American shopping mall or airport (it actually is a shopping mall, Albrook Mall, too). Schedules for all Panama are listed here [http://horariodebuses.com/pa].
If you want to get on a bus, stand by the side of the road, hold you out your arm and make obvious pointing motions toward the ground. If you're on the bus and want to get off, yell "parada!" or tell the driver in advance. You'll get the hang of it pretty quick. The locals are very helpful with tourists on buses, and may offer help.
The highway buses are very cheap, count on a fare of about US$1 per hour traveled, sometimes less. One exception is fares from Tocumen airport, which both buses and taxis charge through the roof for (by Panamanian standards), simply because they can.
City buses are different. in which is call "Diablos Rojos" or "Red Devils" They are crowded, decoratively painted school buses, often without air conditioning, with a flat rate of 25 cents to any location in Panama City. They can be fun, but have a reputation for being dangerous, both in driving and the likelihood of encountering criminals. They can be fun to take a couple of times, but once you've done it, best to take a taxi, which won't be that much more expensive anyway. They definitely have a particular style apart from other Central American countries. They look as if a bunch of 60's hippies decided to drive as far south as they could go in school buses, and when they could go no further, they stopped and started a bus company. If you like Salsa Music, you'll be happy as a clam on these buses. Most locals aren't.
However, beginning in December of 2010, a new government regulated public bus system utilizing modern air-conditioned buses will go into effect called MetroBus. The old and dangerous "Diablos Rojos" will be outlawed and slowly replaced by the new Volvo buses. from February 15, 2012; the panamanians and foreigner people will have to buy the "Metrobus Card" to get on the bus and pay the flat rate that costs $2.00 (the metrobus card) and then it can be recharged from $0.50 until $50.00 with a flat rate of $0.25 cents until all the "Diablos Rojos" dissappeared and then the new flat rate will be $0.45 cents from that moment.
If your destination actually happens to lie far off the bus route, or if you just want to be lazy, taxis are also a decent way to get around in Panama. Taxi rates within Panama City are set by a zone system. However, the zone rates are complicated and fares are typically negotiated, depending on location, time of day and how well you know the city and can speak Spanish. Most short taxi rides range from $1.25 to $2.50. Going across town should be about $5, but it is often more if you fail to negotiate a price before getting into the taxi. Unlike the urban taxis you may be used to, they can take you way out into the country.
A taxi fare, including tolls, from Tocumen airport to central Panama City, should be US$28. It can easily exceed your taxi fares for the rest of your trip combined. If you share a taxi ride with other passengers going from the airport to the city, your fare per person can be cheaper, at around US$12. You can save quite a bit of money by taking the bus to the Gran Terminal, but even the bus fares will be higher than normal.
Beware of taxi drivers who wait outside the main bus terminal. Make sure you negotiate a reasonable fare before you get in or they will claim to be 'official' taxis charging 3 normal times the price.
Panama is in the south of Central America and can easily be discovered independently. The road system of Panama is in very good condition (for Central and South American standards). You can rent a car and drive it around the country if you are an excellent defensive driver. While traveling by car you can discover attractions which are hardly or even not to reach by public transportation.
Panama City is more difficult to navigate than any big city in the United States, with terrible traffic jams at rush hours, few signs for names of streets, poor street design, and a lack of traffic lights at busy intersections. You must be aggressive about positioning your car to get anywhere, yet highly alert to erratic and irrational behavior by others. Drivers have little respect for or even knowledge of traffic laws, and drivers from North America or Western Europe will be stunned by their recklessness. In the rest of the country, driving is mostly stress-free.
The Pan American Highway is paved for the entire length of the country, and has many roads which branch off to towns off the highway, most of which are paved, and most of the rest are still easily navigable in a sedan. However, road engineering standards are low, so be on the lookout for off camber turns, deep potholes, and sharp turns with no warning. It is highly recommended to drive well informed about your route. Use the detailed information which cochera andina provides on its site when planning your trip and check out road conditions, distances and travel times. On the road, don’t forget to take also a good road map with you. Or you download apps like WAZE for your smartphone and works as an cheap GPS that covers most roads and many people post roads hazards, traffic cops locations, road blocks, etc so any fellow traveler can see.
For driving in Panama you need the driver’s license of your country but to avoid trouble at police controls it is better to have an international driver's license with you as well. The traffic rules are almost the same as in Europe or the U.S. Road signs are frequent. The speed limits are 40 km/h within cities, 80 km/h outside and 100 km/h on the highways. You will find gas stations all over Panama. A lot of stations are open around the clock. You get gas of three types: unleaded, super and diesel.
Local airlines serve many airports in Panama. AirPanama [url=http://www.flyairpanama.com/]]is one of the companies providing domestic flights. Flights leave Panama City from [[Marcos Gelabert Airport[/url]] in Albrook.
Copa Airlines [http://www.copaair.com/sites/pa/en/pages/homepage.aspx] provides daily 1-hour flights from Tocumen International Airport in Panama City to David for only $85 one-way. A great new alternative to the monopoly that Air Panama had, which has driven down prices for tourists and locals.
Booking private aircraft charters are available through online and local companies.
It is advisable to check the tail number of any aircraft chartered in Panama. All registered aircraft authorized for public charter work (air taxi) will have a letters after their numeric tail number (e.g. HP-0000TD). This signifies the aircraft is insured for charter work and is subjected to more inspections and increased maintenance requirements.
Citizens from the following countries DO NOT need a visa to enter Panama because their countries hold treaties with Panama that entitle their citizens to visit for up to 180 days without a visa: Andorra, Angola, Antigua y Barbuda, Arabia Saudita, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Belarus, Belgium, Botsuana, Bhutan, Brazil, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Cambodia, Canada, Czech Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Egypt, Fiyi, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Georgia, Gibraltar, Granada, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Holland, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Jamaica, Kenia, Kiribati, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Kuwait, Letonia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macao, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldivas, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mexico, Moldovia, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, North Korea, Norway, Palaos, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Saint Kitts y Nevis, Saint Lucia, Salomon Islands, Samoa, São Tomé and Príncipe, San Marino, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tonga, The Vatican, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela and Vietnam.
This usually also applies to people of other nationalities (India, for example), if they have a residence permit issued by any of the above countries. For example, an Indian living in the USA will be able to enter Panama without any visa. However, it is advisable to check with closest representation of Panama embassy near your place of residence.
Citizens from these countries can apply for an extension for up to another 30, 60 or 90 days. Petitions are approved or denied on a case-by-case basis. Immigration recommends you apply at least a week before your time is up. For more information about extending your stay in Panama please read on or click here.
They can always also leave the country for 3 days (Costa Rica is right next to Bocas del Toro and Boquete so it's easily done) and then come back and get 180 days more.
Countries whose citizens have passports valid for at least 6 months upon entry do not require a visa to enter Panama include (amongst others) [wiki=68746a7280b143cfc01f967610d3e86d]Andorra[/wiki], [wiki=3536be57ce0713954e454ae6c53ec023]Argentina[/wiki], [wiki=9891739094756d2605946c867b32ad28]Austria[/wiki], [wiki=6c1674d14bf5f95742f572cddb0641a7]Belgium[/wiki], [wiki=28aaafc355915903ce4a7e1d3af3bc4e]Bolivia[/wiki], [wiki=42537f0fb56e31e20ab9c2305752087d]Brazil[/wiki], [wiki=d8b00929dec65d422303256336ada04f]Germany[/wiki], [wiki=06e415f918c577f07328a52e24f75d43]Ireland[/wiki], [wiki=5a548c2f5875f10bf5614b7c258876cf]Israel[/wiki], [wiki=92468e8a62373add2b9caefddbcf1303]Malta[/wiki], [wiki=a67d4cbdd1b59e0ffccc6bafc83eb033]Netherlands[/wiki], [wiki=ea71b362e3ea9969db085abfccdeb10d]Portugal[/wiki], [wiki=a7db85742c67a70f8764c4d9c53bdb36]San Marino[/wiki], [wiki=458e4cbc78201c1aec5fc53a31c59378]Singapore[/wiki],[wiki=c8f4261f9f46e6465709e17ebea7a92b]Sweden[/wiki], [wiki=3ad08396dc5afa78f34f548eea3c1d64]Switzerland[/wiki], [wiki=89f9c9f489be2a83cf57e53b9197d288]United Kingdom[/wiki] and [wiki=75497a22409db78dcc52c291e078bc10]Uruguay[/wiki].
Citizens of China with a endorsed "public of affairs" passport do not require a visa for 180 days also. Holders of diplomatic, official or service passports of China, Cuba and Philippines do not require a visa.
Citizens of some countries, [wiki=4442e4af0916f53a07fb8ca9a49b98ed]Australia[/wiki], [wiki=445d337b5cd5de476f99333df6b0c2a7]Canada[/wiki], [wiki=53a577bb3bc587b0c28ab808390f1c9b]Japan[/wiki] and [wiki=7516fd43adaa5e0b8a65a672c39845d2]US[/wiki] citizens included, may enter Panama with a tourist visa that is stamped on arrival (the cost is automatically included in your airfare and is valid for a 180-day stay as of August 2010). The cost is $13 (US) for a visa stamp to enter at Bocas del Toro, when arriving by airplane, as of September 2012. Entry requirements are proof of:
* a return ticket out of Panama
* Bank Statement to show that you have 500$+ or you can show the money in cash (screenshot from online banking account is enough)
* proof of accommodation-if you don’t have it they will make you go back to the terminal and book it online
* Recommended vaccination for yellow fever--only if coming from a country where yellow fever occurs (includes most of South America and Africa but not USA).
In practice, border officials may be lax about checking clean-cut travelers coming from the USA or other developed countries.
[http://www.embassyofpanama.org/cms/vaccinations3.php]
Also, because your tourist visa will be stamped in your passport, it is important to carry at least a photocopy of the ID page AND the page with the tourist visa stamp at all times.
International flights arrive at Tocumen International Airport (PTY), which lies about 20 miles east of Panama City (from all countries) or David Airport (from Costa Rica in AirPanama [url=http://www.flyairpanama.com/]).]Panama City's PTY is well connected with the Americas and has non-stop flights to almost 20 countries in the region. Neighbor Colombia is specially well served with daily flights to more than 7 cities, including Bogota, [[Medellín[/url]], Cali and [Cartagena].
Starting January 2015, Copa Airlines flies from most major North American cities directly to the David International Airport (layover in Tocumen for immigration), providing an excellent alternative to travelers hoping to save time and money, as well as bypassing the headache of Panama City, by coming to the Adventure Capital of Panama: Chiriqui.
Local travelers and tourists can also fly in and out of Bocas del Toro via Costa Rica.
By modern standards, the original main terminal at Tocumen was not well designed. For example, it has long, thin, crowded corridors leading out to the circular satellites where most of the gates are concentrated. The air conditioning in those corridors and satellites is not strong enough for Panama's heat and humidity; the management has apparently compensated by turning up the air conditioning in the main building. Therefore, as you walk from the plane into the main building, you will transition rapidly from too hot to too cold. There are not quite enough immigration and customs stations, so expect a lengthy wait to enter the country (two hours) if you arrive at a busy time.
From Tocumen, you will have to take a taxi or bus or rent a car to get to the city. Airport taxis use set rates, and can be shared--the transportation information booth in the lobby will help you make arrangements. There are a couple of hotels near the airport where you can spend the night at relatively high prices (US$60).
If you are short on cash you can catch a bus to the downtown of the city for .25 balboa. Just walk towards the highway and cross the street towards the bus shelter. Make sure you get the bus that says "Via España".
The country has more private airstrips per square mile than any other country in the world, and it is technically feasible for the adventurous private pilot to fly to one of them, either directly or through country hopping through Central America. Many of the remote interior regions of the country are best accessed by private plane, although a combination of hiking and canoeing can get you to most places, too. If you are flying a private aircraft into Panama, it is important to verify where you can clear customs and immigration--not all airstrips are equipped to clear you.
Business jet FBO services are available in Panama City (Albrook and Tocumen), David (by appointment), Howard, and Bocas del Toro.
From Costa Rica: You can drive across at Paso Canoas (Pacific side) which closes at 11PM (Panama side) or 10PM (Costa Rica side), but be aware that it is one of the busiest (if not the busiest) and disorganized border crossings in Central America. It is very easy to accidentally drive across the border without realizing it. The various offices at the border are randomly scattered throughout the bordertown, and you can do quite a bit of trekking while finding them, as they don't look distinct from the surrounding buildings in any way. This is one crossing where it is definitely worth your money to hire a tramitator, or helper, to assist you through the stations, if you do not speak Spanish.
There are also road crossings at Rio Sereno (Pacific side) and Sixaola/Guabito (Atlantic side). The Rio Sereno crossing sees very little traffic, so make sure all your papers are in order, as police can be very strict.
* From Colombia: Be aware: there are no roads at all connecting the 2 countries.
You will not be allowed to leave the country without your car (i.e. change your mind, abandon the car, and fly home) without getting a stamp on your passport proving that you have paid the proper impuestos (importation taxes) on your vehicle. Expect to be stopped frequently by police, but don't worry, they are usually more curious about seeing a foreign car than interested in a bribe.
If you have car trouble in Panama, you will find dealers with service departments for almost all of the major car manufacturers from the USA (All), Europe (almost all) and Japan (All). Most of them, like in the USA require appointments to service your car. Most of the service personnel in all of the car dealers are manufacturer certify. If you need car repairs and do not want to go to a dealer to save some money or you have an emergency repair, you can find good independent mechanic services/shops in all of the major cities by looking in the yellow pages(paginas amarillas), in addition to towing services. If you need parts for your vehicle, you can find a great number of autopart stores for all major car manufacturers in the yellow pages (paginas amarillas)too.
The use of "shade tree mechanics" and parts from junkyards are the same as in the USA; these options are for do-it-yourself type of persons.
You can't cross from Panama to Colombia by bus--the Darien Gap begins at Yaviza, where the Interamericana runs out.
If you're coming in from Costa Rica, however, things will be a bit easier. There are three possible entry points, the main one being Paso Canoas closing at 11PM (Panama time) or 10PM (Costa Rica time). Panaline and Ticabus, among others, can get you straight from San Jose, Costa Rica to [wiki=4aa52a05a6cb91fb021bfc497c68df47]David[/wiki] or [wiki=770aeea4e450b3fef97ba33dc5d1926c]Panama City[/wiki]. The trip from San Jose is quite cheap, but takes about 18 hours. If you want to see things in between, you can also go by local buses, although the trip will take much longer.
If you want to save time yet not pay US$280 or so for a SJO-PTY airplane ticket with COPA or TACA, you could consider taking the bus from San Jose to Changuinola and fly from there to Panama city. That flight takes about one hour and costs US$110 (Nov. 2011). Check the website of Aeroperlas.com for flight schedules. (Update Aug 2012) Aeroperlas has ceased operations as of Feb 2012.
Keep in mind that Panamanian law requires you to have a return ticket to get into Panama. The border guard may not check, but you never know. A return flight from San Jose, Bogotá or Abu Dhabi won't work. The return ticket has to originate from within Panama. If you run into this problem, you can always buy a return ticket from the bus driver. In general, if you're having a hot-tempered day, it may not be a good day to cross any borders. Some border officials in Central America seem to love being sticklers about their crazy rules if they decide they don't like you.
Many cruise lines have the Panama Canal on their itineraries. You can make tours on Panama City or Colon City and take part in many packages. Recommendation is to take the Panama Canal Railway from Panama to Colon or vice versa. This train goes back since 1855 and it was the first interoceanic train in the American Continent. It has been rebuilt recently and it has very nice passenger cars.
It is possible to arrange for passage on banana boats traveling from Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela, but such passage is recommended only for the truly adventurous, as the boats are often structurally unsound, terribly over-burdened, and are very likely to be smuggling drugs as well.
Private sail boats also provide service between Panama and [wiki=8d9a019e5ca6f159cd5fa7c161c822b2]Cartagena[/wiki] in Colombia. Fare can vary from US$400-500, and the trip takes usually four nights/five days including a 2 days stopover in San Blas Islands (Carti Islands). The best way to find a boat is to ask around in hostels in Panama City or Portobelo popular with backpackers.
The cheapest way to reach Panama by boat from Colombia is by ferry from [wiki=6f53bfe04e78da893ba0c4f35ba6847e]Turbo[/wiki] to [wiki=4e26f62795cac374b7aece5a71c978d0]Capurganá[/wiki] (COP$ 55000, daily around 8AM) and by small boat from [wiki=4e26f62795cac374b7aece5a71c978d0]Capurganá[/wiki] to [wiki=3481084e9c3ba585fb360f8fcdedca5a]Puerto Obaldia[/wiki] (COP$ 25000, daily around 7AM). From there by plane to Panama City (USD 95) or by boat to Colon and Carti Islands (USD neg).
It is possible to hike across the Darien Gap from Colombia with the help of trained guides, but this route is generally considered one of the most dangerous in the world. A large percentage of attempts have ended with the trekkers dead as victims of the Colombian guerrillas and paramilitaries or the oppressive jungle environment, which is considered the densest and most difficult to breach in the world. Despite the bravado-filled tales of backpackers who will try to convince you that real travelers aren't afraid to cross the Gap, it really is a very dangerous trip and the Panamanian police are not interested in going in to look for you if you get into trouble.
The guidebook "Getting to Know Panama," by Michele Labrut, gives the following advice for surviving in the Darien.
"Do not go naked into the water, some very undesirable protozoans can get into you. Do not drink untreated water. Never stray from the group, you can easily lose your bearings and get lost. If this happens, stay right where you are, do not panic. Shout or scream at intervals.
It must be noted, however, that the rest of Panama has delicious, drinkable water.
If you cross the border from Costa Rica into Panama, you will notice a large change in the dialect. True to its Caribbean orientation, Panamanian Spanish sounds much closer to [wiki=f76257271129c703d6c0442c8ac00dae]Puerto Rican[/wiki] than [wiki=5882b568d8a010ef48a6896f53b6eddb]Tico[/wiki] or [wiki=3bfe17f6c2d1b8941df303de7aec2eb0]Nicaraguan[/wiki] Spanish. For students of [wiki=8dbb07a18d46f63d8b3c8994d5ccc351]Mexican[/wiki] or [wiki=907eba32d950bfab68227fd7ea22999b]European[/wiki] Spanish, it may take a little getting used to. However, it is very easy to understand and it is by no means more difficult than other Spanish-speaking countries. Panamanians tend to pronounce "h" instead of "s" and to not pronounce certain D's at the end of certain words. It is part of their dialect but Panamanians are fully capable of speaking Spanish in a manner more intelligible to students of Mexican or Castillian Spanish, and they are aware of their regional idiosyncrasies.
Panama City has a different dialect in which they mix English words with Spanish. Although educated Panamanians try to speak standard Spanish, they are very proud of their dialect and would rather use it unless it is a formal conversation or public speaking.
Panama has a lot more indigenous culture than some neighboring countries. In [wiki=40ab810b0c8552f748f300bc53b83ef2]Kuna Yala[/wiki] you will hear the native Kuna language spoken. In the [wiki=a8b9373696a2de6d425a78c8dd5941ba]Ngöbe-Buglé Comarca[/wiki], as well as in [wiki=4bcbfb2bd8c308f1d974cf650e23cb02]Chiriqui[/wiki] or [wiki=d5e50e0c5fbaf52e80b8779374eba1ba]Bocas del Toro[/wiki], you might hear the native Ngöbe-Buglé (Guaymí) language, although the Ngöbe and the Buglé are very quiet around foreigners. If you ask directions from one of them, you will probably just get a hand or lips pointed wordlessly in the right direction.
On the north coast you may encounter Emberra, in the Darien either Emberra or Woun Meu.
Much of the Caribbean Coast of Panama was settled by people from Jamaica and Barbados. More recently, the descendants of those settlers seem to be speaking more Spanish, but a lot of them still speak English, albeit a very Caribbean variety, called Guari Guari.
Until only a few years ago, the canal was controlled by the [wiki=f75d91cdd36b85cc4a8dfeca4f24fa14]USA[/wiki]. The US has given the canal back to Panama, but many people in [wiki=770aeea4e450b3fef97ba33dc5d1926c]Panama City[/wiki] and other areas near the canal still speak English as a first or second language. Surprisingly, English is not as common as you would think for how long the Americans spent in the country. It's not so common for people working in shops or people in the street to speak English. There are a number of English News and Blog [http://panamapulse.com] sites to help with your travels.
Panama Viejo was the first city of Panama, founded by the Spanish back in 1519. It was the first city founded at the Pacific and it became rapidly a prosperous point where gold from the southern colonies would make it to the Caribbean and later on to Europe. It was attacked by pirates several times, the last of them by Pirate Henry Morgan who destroyed it forever in 1671. In 1673, a new city was built, but this time using the knowledge painfully acquired by experience. The Spanish by then knew well the risks of settling cities in tropical swamps: mosquitoes, tropical diseases and difficulty to defend its territory. The second city was founded at the opposite side of the bay in very different conditions: a rocky peninsula easy to defend and with crossed winds that would ensure the health of its inhabitants. This city is known today as Casco Antiguo, and it is here where the Republic of Panama was born as it is known today.
* Casco Antiguo (or Casco Viejo), currently a UNESCO protected site, is Panama City´s second touristic destination and the reason is that its buildings reflect the diversity of Panamanian society. Although a Spanish colonial city, because of several fires and the influence of merchants from all around the world, it became a vibrant city with styles ranging from Caribbean to French and even Art Deco. Today, Casco Antiguo undergoes an interesting revitalization process. Boutique hotels have started to appear, and some of the best bars and restaurants of the city can be found here. It has also become Panama City´s artistic center with the recurrent art events and shows such as the Panama Jazz Festival, the Music Festival, Sobresaltos Dance Festival and many others.
* Parque Soberania, Parque Chagres and Parque Metropolitano: fifteen minutes away from modern Panama City, you´ll be able to hike primary and secondary tropical rainforests. There are several activities you can do here, from birdwatching at Gamboa´s Pipeline Road to fishing at the Gatun Lake or visits of the caves at Madden. For those interested in research, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute offers visitors educational tours to Barro Colorado Island, one of the most studied jungles in the world.
* The Panama Canal is probably the most important item in the traveler´s list. There are several ways you can experience the canal, it will depend on your level of interest. For the curious visitor, there are two museums devoted to it: the Canal Museum at Casco Antiguo, featuring Panama´s history as a crossroads of cultures, oceans and a bridge between continents and a second museum is located at the Miraflores Locks. This museum shows the technical aspects of the Canal. You can observe the transits at the balcony of the restaurant on the top.
Another way to experience the Canal is to cross it. Either partial crossing which takes four hours or complete crossing which might be done in eight, in both cases it is recommendable to hire a guide that is knowledgeable in history of the Panama Canal.
An interesting twist on viewing the Panama Canal is to travel the length by train. The Panama Railroad was first built in 1855 and then rebuilt in 1909 during construction of the Panama Canal. For many years the railway provided an invaluable link between the Atlantic and Pacific. Ocean to Ocean by railway, the trip will take one day and transits through the tropical jungle.
Although the Panama Canal is the most famous destination in Panama, travel outside the City is growing in popularity. Adventure travelers can take a bus or short flight, and in just a few days, can see both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
Beaches: Panama has an unlimited list of activities to do, but every traveler wants to find a beach to relax on. Luckily, Panama offers some amazing beaches all over the country.
*[wiki=d5e50e0c5fbaf52e80b8779374eba1ba]Bocas del Toro[/wiki] on the Caribbean side offers several islands. Isla Colon, the main island with Bocas town is a central hub for backpackers looking to party at the beach. The other islands, such as Bastimentos, offer more secluded getaways.
*[wiki=2c38b4ec47c410d97dac5aac3875326c]Boca Chica[/wiki] is on the Pacific side and is the entrance to the Gulf of Chiriqui National Marine Park, featuring hundreds of uninhabited islands with white sand beaches. Tours can be booked from [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki] or [wiki=3906eca9e2eacfb97c14f491c1852436]Boca Brava[/wiki].
*[wiki=21f6226a0314c469e500ba740eb1452e]San Blas[/wiki] islands are on the Caribbean side, closer to Panama City. The indigenous group of the Kuna inhabit this autonomous region, and most travelers book a week-long boat ride, island hopping between the gorgeous white sand beaches.
*[wiki=6be87eac31d9190efb79ce258e35cbb8]Santa Catalina[/wiki] is a small beach town on the Pacific side, offering some of the best surfing in Panama. It also serves as the port to Isla Coiba.
White Water Rafting: With over several hundred rivers, Panama offers world-class whitewater. Amazing white water rafting can be found in the [wiki=4bcbfb2bd8c308f1d974cf650e23cb02]Chiriqui[/wiki] Province, in [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki], on the Rio Chiriqui Viejo. There is usually enough water to paddle year around. However, the highest water level is in October and November, at the end of the rainy season, and the lowest water level is in May, at the end of the dry season. Other phenomenal rivers that can be run during the rainy season include the Gariche, Chiriqui, and Fonseca Rivers in the Chiriqui Province. [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki] offers solid Class III continuous rapids for a very fun and adventurous day. Boquete Outdoor Adventures is a licensed and reputable company that offers daily whitewater rafting excursions on the Chiriqui Viejo.
Hiking: There are many hiking trails in Panama through the numerous National Parks. Most are accessible and easy enough to traverse with out a guide. However, due to the density of some of the rainforests, staying on the designated trail is recommended, if you don’t have a guide. To increase your chance of actually seeing wildlife, birds, or Quetzals in [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki], you can hire a guide. In the [wiki=4d4f7ae2ff4bf8a53d4cefd0509b640b]Darien[/wiki] unguided travel can be dangerous. Because Panama is one of the top adventure destinations, there are many reputable tour companies offering guided treks throughout the country, with some of the best being in the charming mountain town of [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki].
* Birding: There are over 960 species of birds in Panama. Many are only found in this region. The Panama Audubon Society is a good source of information on the bird population by region. [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki] birding is not to be missed.
* Quetzal Trail: Within the National Park, [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki], the area around this trail, including multiple other shorter and easier trails, is perhaps the most famous hiking area in all of Panama. Visitors come from all over the world to have an opportunity to see the Resplendent Quetzal. Although the trails are easy enough to hike by yourself, unless you are an experienced birder, you might not spot a Quetzal. It is wise to hire a guide.
Zip Line Canopy: There is nothing more exciting than flying over the canopy on a zip-line. You can find zip line canopy adventures in [wiki=770aeea4e450b3fef97ba33dc5d1926c]Panama City[/wiki], [wiki=77ab67e9c39012aa166013c9259e8d39]Cocle[/wiki], [wiki=d5e50e0c5fbaf52e80b8779374eba1ba]Bocas del Toro[/wiki], and [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki].
Horseback Riding: Horses are a way of life in Panama. It is not unusual to look out the window of your casita, and have a horse looking back. Horseback riding in Panama is mostly Western horses and Western saddles. Privately owned horses can vary from Quarter Horse to a mix of Columbian or Peruvian Paso. By breeding the two, you get a larger horse, than the traditional Paso Fino, with the smooth and lovely gait of the Paso. There are two great areas for riding: on the beaches of [wiki=d5e50e0c5fbaf52e80b8779374eba1ba]Bocas del Toro[/wiki] near Dolphin Bay' and in mountains of [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki].
Scuba Diving and Snorkeling: Both the Atlantic (Bocas del Toro) and Pacific ([wiki=4161f92b6e956caefc9ea2fccdb1369b]Gulf of Chiriqui[/wiki]) offer incredible water sport opportunities. For Caribbean coral and reef fish, go Atlantic. For rare pelagic species and the best whale watching in the world, go Pacific. Isla Coiba, named the Galapagos of Panama, offers over-sized scuba diving with sharks, turtles, big fish, rays, and crocodiles.
Fishing: The Gulf of Chiriqui is known among sport fishermen to be one of the best spots in Central America. Saltwater Sportsman Magazine recently named Panama as the best place on earth to catch the Black Marlin. With inshore and offshore trips available out of Boca Chica, fishermen find unlimited options. On the other side of the country, near the border with Colombia on the Pacific side, you can also find Piñas Bay and the Zane Gray Reef, which is renown worldwide as one of the best fishing spots in the worlds (and in Piñas Bay, you will also find the Tropic Star Lodge).
Coffee Tasting: [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki], Panama has now become synonymous with some of the best coffee in the world. It has always been a coffee producing region. You can visit a coffee estate for a tasting and explanation of the coffee process. Many different tours are available, from intimate hands-on roasting and tasting on a small scale farm like Finca dos Jefes, or tours of large-scale coffee farms such as Ruiz or Kotowa.
Kayaking: Ocean and river kayaking can be found in the [wiki=4bcbfb2bd8c308f1d974cf650e23cb02]Chiriqui[/wiki] Province. [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki] has many outfitters as the rivers are perfect for rafting and kayaking. And the Gulf of Chiriqui is protected by many islands, making the calm waters perfect for kayaking; white powdery beaches filled with wildlife. Boquete Outdoor Adventures is a reliable company out of [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki] that offers both river kayaking and sea kayaking trips to the Pacific.
Boating: Panama touches both oceans and is only 50 miles wide at its narrowest point, so there's plenty of opportunities for boating. From David, a 5 minute cab ride will get you to the port of [wiki=04583ef6e66acbcd95273750bbb34c0e]Pedregal[/wiki] and into the sparkling [wiki=4161f92b6e956caefc9ea2fccdb1369b]Gulf of Chiriqui[/wiki]. In Panama City, you will find many options for taking a boat, including Flamenco Resort and Marina, Balboa Yacht Club, Diablo Spinning Club, the Club de Yates y Pesca, and the Miramar Marina. There are also some other marinas in the lakes of the Panama Canal, as well as some near the city of Colon in the Atlantic side
Rock Climbing: The best rock climbing is in the [wiki=4bcbfb2bd8c308f1d974cf650e23cb02]Chiriqui[/wiki] Province, in the highlands of [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki]. The Basaltic Rock was formed after the last volcano eruption. Cesar Melendez has developed over 30 routes, from beginner to advanced. He is also pioneering 'bouldering', climbing rocks while suspended over the river.
Hot Springs: Even though the Baru Volcano has been dormant for over 600 years, there are still thermal springs bubbling up around it. [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki], in the [wiki=4bcbfb2bd8c308f1d974cf650e23cb02]Chiriqui[/wiki] Province, has several areas with active springs. In Volcan, on the northern side of the Volcan Baru, about 30 minutes from town, there are several springs; however, due to the mineral content, there is a slight sulfur smell. In the [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki] region there are several hot springs to choose from. A local land owner in Caldera has started to develop his bubbling spring (no sulfur smell), and hopes to make it more like a 'spa'. However, it is not that easy to access yet; 4 wheel drive is required, or join a reputable tour company.
Panama has used the US dollar as the banknote currency - although Panamanians often refer to it as balboa. While the Panamanian Balboa has been used as the coin currency and originally banknote currency since 1904. The Balboa coins are currently one of the three currencies (the others being the Bermudian dollar and Bahamian dollar) with exact extange rates to the US Dollar. Example; $1 US Dollar will equal 1 Panamanian Balboa or $560.75 US Dollars will equal 560.75 Panamanian Balboas. So if you're from a country with the US Dollar, as excepted currency, The Bahamas, or Bermuda, you will have no problem understanding prices in Panama.
If you're from the US or any other country with the US Dollar as the sole official currency, the only oddity about Panama will be change. Panama mints its own coins in the same weights and sizes as US coinage, but with Panamanian stampings. The Panamanian coinage is completely interchangeable with standard US coinage in Panama. You may get a handful of change back with a conquistador on the quarter and an Indian on one of your pennies, but Lincoln on the other penny and Roosevelt on the dime. Panama also still mints half dollars. You may hear these half dollars called pesos, so don't think you've accidentally ended up in [wiki=8dbb07a18d46f63d8b3c8994d5ccc351]Mexico[/wiki].
If you run short on change in the United States, Panamanian coins work in parking meters, payphones, vending machines, etc.
You can typically use a credit card at all hotels in the capital, as well as medium-sized regional cities (David, Las Tablas, Colon, Santiago, Bocas del Toro, etc.). Restaurants, grocery stores, and department stores in major cities will also usually take credit, or even debit cards. However, outside the capital using your card could be difficult.
Though Panamanian ATMs function on the Cirrus/Plus system, they may not take cards with the Interlink symbol. Make sure you're carrying a lot of cash (especially small bills) and understand how to take cash advances out on your credit card. Maestro works in Panama (September 2014 in Changuinola). Traveller's checks are not widely used.
Many businesses do not accept USD50 or USD100 bills at all. Most of those that do will ask for your passport and store your data/serial numbers of your notes in a special book. The reason is that many $50 and $100 bills have been counterfeited.
There are [url=http://www.panamaforum.com/panama-banks/9372-panama-banks-complete-list.html]91 banks in Panama[/url]. Opening hours vary widely from bank to bank. On weekdays, all banks are open until at least 3PM, and some until 7PM On Saturdays many banks are open until noon, and some branches located in shopping centers are also open on Sundays. Note that most banks will not allow you to enter wearing shorts and/or flip-flops.
Panama is home to the hemisphere's largest free trade zone, the Colon Free Zone [url=http://www.zolicol.gob.pa/index.php].] There are also a number of large, American-style malls, such as Multicentro [url=http://www.multicentropanama.com.pa[/url],]Albrook Mall [url=http://www.albrookmall.com[/url],]Multiplaza Pacific [url=http://www.multiplaza.com/visitenosPAN[/url],]and the latest Metromall. However, prices vary widely from mall to mall - Albrook is quite cheap, while Multiplaza is home to designer boutiques and very high prices. Generally Panama is a good place to buy consumer electronics, clothing and cosmetics.
But you will not find a better selection or prices than in the US, most cheap cloth stores sell stuff that are leftovers and out-dated stuff that in the US doesn't sell anymore. Electronics usually are $20-50 more expensive than the US.
Traditional Panamanian crafts can be found most cheaply at artisanal markets, such as the YMCA in Balboa and the market in Panama Viejo. In Panama City, the best handicrafts can be found at REPROSA. Panama's best-known craft is the mola, intricate reverse-applique handwork made by the Kuna. Molas can also be bought from vendors on the seawall in Casco Viejo[http://www.cascoviejo.com[/url]. Other Panamanian crafts include carved tagua nuts, cocobolo carvings of animals, and woven palm-fiber baskets. There is a smaller craft market in El Valle, which specializes in soapstone carvings and other central Panamanian crafts.
*Since 1975 REPROSA has been dedicated to the promotion of Panama's history, cultural traditions, ecological beauty and ethnic diversity. All their handicrafts are hand-made in Panama by Panamanian artisans, and there is something for every budget. REPROSA has three locations: Costa del Este Industrial Park (271-0033), Ave. A in Casco Viejo (228-4913), and Ave. Samuel Lewis in Obarrio (269-0457). REPROSA also offers a tour of their award-winning workshop where visitors can see first-hand how the Treasures of Panama are made. Their factory is in the Costa del Este Industrial Park just minutes from Panama Viejo. Tour $10 per person, Monday thru Friday at 9:30AM and 2PM.
*Offers fresh organic food in a natural setting where it's easy to enjoy the local wildlife. The store has produce as well as artisan crafts.
Music is definitely one of the highlights of Panama. Salsa music seems to permeate everything in the Latin parts of the country. Reggaeton originated in Panama and is also very popular and is known by the name [wiki=563fb11e4ae0fd921f371100c1ea099b]Plena[/wiki]. There are over 100 radio stations in Panama broadcasting online, some in English [http://www.coolpanama.com]. In Bocas del Toro, you will hear a lot of Reggae with Spanish lyrics. Check out the summer music festival in Las Tablas.
How the Panamanians love their "fiestas"! They know how to let loose and have a genuinely good time, dancing, conversing and drinking.
Carnaval is the main celebration in the country. It is held 40 days before the Christian Holy Week, running through the weekend and ending on Ash Wednesday (February 28-March 4 in 2014). The largest celebration being held in the province of Azuero, in the town of Las Tablas, where two streets compete with separate queens, activities, parades and musical performances.
The party begins on Friday with a presentation, parade and crowning of the queens, a fireworks show; with drinking in the streets legal, the party begins and doesn't stop until 5AM.
Every carnival day has a theme: Friday is the Opening, Saturday is International Day, Sunday is Pollera day, Monday is costume day, Tuesday is the Queens day and on Wednesday is the "entierro de la sardina"(the sardine burial) before 5AM.
Many discos and bars fill the Capital City. The area known as "Calle Uruguay" has probably a dozen or so nice discos and bars within a 2 block radius, and is the best place for partying.
Calle Uruguay bar area is a very trendy scene. You will find here many restaurants such as La Posta, Peperoncini, Habibis, Tomate y Amor, Madame Chang, Burgues or Lima Limon, which make up a great pre-party event. After diner you can cross over to Prive, Pure, Loft, Guru or People for a more fashionable club scene. If you want a more relax bar, Sahara or The Londoner both offer retro music and pool tables.
Another great spot for "bar hopping" is Zona Viva in the Amador Causeway. Zona Viva is a closed off area so it is very easy for you to find everything in one place. You will find here clubs such as Jet Set Club, the Building, the Chill Out Zone, X Space, etc.
Casco Viejo is a more cultural zone of Panama. Art galleries in the area coordinate Art Block parties once a month and there are always exhibits. The National Theater offers ballets, opera, and concerts weekly. Restaurants in this area are highly recommended. After dinner you can cross over to Relic, La Casona, Mojitos sin Mojitos, Platea, Havana Cafe or Republica Havana.
Panamanians appear to care about their appearance. Don't try to dress to 'fit in', just be yourself.
That being said, there is no need to wear a suit everywhere, either. Just dress conservatively and nice. For men, a clean pair of jeans and ironed collared shirt will do nicely for most excursions, you could dress more casually or more formally depending on the situation. Shorts are considered extremely casual wear suitable only for the beach, although this attitude has begun to change in some areas. Also, the longer Bermuda shorts made of nice fabrics are viewed as appropriate in many places.
However there is a dress code to follow to enter in all banks and governmental institution as well as many stores and supermarket. If you enter these establishments with inappropriate dress like wearing Bermuda or skirts above the knee, security will probably refuse access and ask you to leave.
Think nice, neat, and clean, and you will already be showing a great deal of respect for locals.
If you are making a side trip to [wiki=5327ff46e1ff8231ce96b22503133839]Boquete[/wiki], especially during the rainy season (April thru November) please dress in layers, bring a light rain jacket, and waterproof hiking boots.