Mexico uses the [wiki=1a6b1d10a130e6913aaa1f6cf0c84e22]metric system[/wiki] for all measurements. All weather forecasts are in Celsius (°C).
The climate varies dramatically across Mexico's vast landscape. In the northernmost area of the Baja Peninsula, on the Pacific coast, the climate is Mediterranean, whereas the climate is arid on the other side of the peninsula, facing the Sea of Cortez. As you go south on the Baja Peninsula, the climate changes to become a subtropical sub-arid/semi-arid climate, until you reach La Paz and Cabo, which has a unique tropical desert climate. On the mainland, the northern area of Mexico tends to be mountainous and chilly, and the lower areas have an arid climate. A tropical climate prevails from around the Tampico area down to Cancun, as well as the adjacent side on the Pacific.
High, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; temperate plains with grasslands and Mezquite trees in the northeast, desert and even more rugged mountains in the northwest, tropical rainforests in the south and southeast {Chiapas, Campeche, Yucatán y Quintana Roo} semiarid in places like {Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí} and temperate coniferous and deciduous forests in the central part of the country {Mexico City, Toluca}.
1 Jan
* 6 Jan: The Three Wise Men day, celebrating arrival of the Three Wise Men to see and bring gifts to baby Jesus.
* 2 Feb: The Candelaria Virgin Day, celebrated in many places around the country (not an official holiday)
* 5 Feb: Constitution Day(1917)
* 24 Feb: Flag Day (not official)
* First Sunday in March: Family´s day
* 21 Mar: Birth of Benito Juárez (1806). 2006 was the bicentennial year.
* 1 May: Workers' Day commemorates the Mexican workers' union movements.
* 5 May: The Battle of Puebla against the French army, 19th century.
* 10 May: Mothers' day
* 1 September: Dia del Informe. Although no longer official, it is still important as it is the day in which the Mexican President addresses to the Nation of the progress his administration on a yearly basis. Every President makes six Informes
*15 September: Grito de Dolores
*16 September: Independence day (celebrates the start of the fight for the independence from Spain in 1810, achieved 27 Sep 1821).
*12 October: Discovery of America (Descubrimiento de America)(not an official holiday)
*2 November: Day of the dead
*20 November: Revolution day (1910)
*12 December: Virgin Mary of Guadalupe Day. Technically not official, but is one of the most important Mexican Holidays
*24 December: Christmas Eve (Not an official holiday, but normally a full non-working day or only half day)
*25 December: Christmas
*31 December: New Year’s Eve (Not an official holiday, but normally a full non-working day or only half day)
Easter is widely observed nationwide, according to the yearly Catholic calendar (the first Sunday after the first full moon in Spring). Actual non-working days may shift to the Monday before the holiday, so check an up-to-date calendar.
Mexico uses the 24-hour clock system for time keeping.
Mexico observes daylight savings time (DST) the same way as the US prior to 2007, from the first Sunday in April to last Sunday in October. This now includes the tropical regions of southern Mexico as well. There will be several weeks each year when the US is on DST, but Mexico is not. The state of Sonora south of [wiki=3fe5003edc0cb6c83962dbd74d35dd50]Arizona[/wiki] does not observe DST since Arizona doesn't have it either.
[wiki=7d3ab4b462aea9a8ccf7afd9567ebac8]Chichen Itza[/wiki] - Majestic Mayan city, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988 and recently voted as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
* [wiki=c86da96c0a7fe822201f7847c7ad09f2]Coba[/wiki] - Majestic Mayan city, located around two lagoons.
* [wiki=2d43febbbc7af3ccc84b4c7a73905dbb]Ek Balam[/wiki] - Recently reconstructed Mayan site, famous for its unique decorated stucco and stone carved temples.
* [wiki=fb88a87dff23e52a8db6ec14edf3779d]El Tajín[/wiki] - In the state of Veracruz near the town of Papantla. A UNESCO World Heritage Site.
* [wiki=b44dc31c867a3b6e40f2175c467fa986]Guanajuato[/wiki] - In the state of Guanajuato, two sites making part of the "Tradición él Bajío": Plazuelas and Peralta.
* [wiki=27fc795ff2e574a5c4261b1f5caba482]Monte Albán[/wiki] - In the state of Oaxaca, a Zapotec site dating from about 500BC. A UNESCO World Heritage Site.
* [wiki=afeceb25d90563a94232708ca432b260]Palenque[/wiki] - Mayan city in the state of Chiapas, Palenque famous for its elaborate paintings. Also well known for having the largest tract of rainforest in Mexico located in the same area.
* [wiki=4c96bad046f7beb4771fe72147ef7a0c]Teotihuacan[/wiki] - In the state of Mexico, near Mexico City. Enormous site with several large pyramids.
* [wiki=f68e43cd78d566c2092c0d3595a7ee52]Tulum[/wiki] - Mayan coastal city with spectacular Caribbean vistas. Dates from late Mayan period.
* [wiki=1e20478577fe2b5e7c70030ed30b1959]Uxmal[/wiki] - Impressive Mayan city-state in the Puc Region, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
There is at least one place where Mexico is accessible via rail and a short walk - south of [wiki=a1edff17ec0464c4c048d25d25bce75a]San Diego[/wiki]. The San Diego Trolley can be taken from downtown San Diego (which Amtrak serves) to the California-Baja California border. (note: El Paso/Juarez is also well served by Amtrak, the station is within a stones throw of the Rio Grande)
Like almost all countries in the Americas, Mexico phased out intercity passenger rail in the mid-20th century and has not brought it back since. Thus, unlike the US-Canada border where you can ride a train from Seattle to Vancouver or New York to Montreal, there are no options for taking an Amtrak train across the border into any Mexican cities.
American automobile insurance is not accepted in Mexico; however it is easy to obtain short-term or long-term tourist policies that include the mandatory liability coverage, together with theft and accident cover for your vehicle and, often, legal assistance cover. Should you decide to drive to Mexico, the [url=http://dgp.sct.gob.mx/index.php?id=440]Transport and Communications Secretariat website[/url] has free downloadable road maps.
Foreign-plated vehicles must obtain the necessary permits before being allowed into the interior of Mexico. This can be done at the border checkpoints by showing your vehicle title or registration, as well as immigration documents and a valid credit card. It is now possible to apply for your vehicle import permit [url=https://www.banjercito.com.mx/registroVehiculos/]on-line[/url] and can be obtained at some Mexican consulates within the US. Vehicle permits will only be issued to the registered owner of the vehicle, so the papers will have to be in the name of the applicant. Once you complete the form, you can choose to have your vehicle permit mailed to you so you can have it before you get to the border or, you can simply print the form and present it to the Banjército official when you get to the border. The Baja California peninsula and the northern part of the State of Sonora do not require a permit.
It is also necessary to obtain Mexican auto insurance in order to drive in Mexico, as US and Canadian auto insurance policies are not accepted in Mexico, and any minor accident could land you in jail without it. [url=http://www.mexicanautoinsurance.com/]Lewis and Lewis[/url], [url=http://www.sanbornsinsurance.com/]Sanborns Insurance[/url], [url=https://www.mexicaninsurance.com/Default1.aspx]Oscar Padilla[/url], and AAA offer Mexican auto insurance.
Due to the incredibly high volume of drugs and illegal immigration (into the US) and drug money and weapons (into Mexico) crossing the US-Mexico border, expect long delays and thorough searches of vehicles when crossing the border. At some of the busiest crossings, expect a delay of one to four hours.
The Mexican intercity bus system is reportedly the most efficient in the world. There are many different independent companies but all use a central computerized ticketing system. Rates per mile are generally comparable to those of Greyhound in the US, but there are more departures and the system serves much smaller villages than its American counterpart. There are many bus companies based in Mexico with branch offices in major US cities and/or provide cross border transport with a few such examples noted below:
*[url=http://omnibusmexicanos.com.mx/english/]Omnibus Mexicanos[/url]
*[url=http://www.elexpreso.net/]El Expresso[/url]
* [url=http://www.eplalimo.com/] El Paso-Los Angeles Limousine Express[/url] operates buses along I-10 between Los Angeles and El Paso and anywhere in between in the American Southwest. They offer onward travel from El Paso to Chihuahua on [url=http://www.eplalimo.com/index_files/Page1591.htm] Los Limousines[/url]
*[url=http://ticket.gruposenda.com/]Turimex Internacional[/url]
*[url=http://www.tufesa.com.mx/home.html]TUFESA Bus Lines[/url]
*[url=http://www.greyhound.com]Greyhound Lines, Autobus Americanos and Cruceros[/url] operates the Autobus Americanos (U.S. side) and the Crueceros USA brands.
*[url=http://www.estrellablanca.com.mx]Grupo Estrella Blanca[/url] operates the Elite, Chihuahuanese, Pacifico, Futura, Transportes Nort de Sonora (TNS), Transportes Frontera, Oriente, Autobus Americanos (Mexican side) and, of course, 'Estrella de Blanca' brands.
Greyhound offers tickets from the US to major Mexican cities, including Monterrey, Queretaro, Durango, Mazatlan, Torreon, Mexico City with onwards travel with Grupo Estrella Blanca south of the border and vice verse from Mexico north. It is best (and cheapest) to buy a round-trip Greyhound ticket since it may be more difficult and expensive to buy a ticket from Mexico to a US destination which is not a major city. When departing from Mexico, the local bus line (usually Futura) will change the Greyhound-issued ticket into its own, free of charge.
There are other bus companies offering transborder service from Guatemala to Tapachula or Comitan in Chiapas state and from Belize to [wiki=9c395beea3c21ee027d792d4d0f773f8]Chetumal[/wiki]
* [url=http://www.ado.com.mx] ADO/OCC[/url] operates once daily buses from Merida and Cancun, via Chetumal to Belize City. Nearest to the U.S. border is in Matamoros where passenger transfer to Greyhound Lines for the onward trip north.
* [url=http://lineadorada.com.gt/] Linea Dorada[/url] goes across from Guatemala City to the Guatemala side of La Mesilla/Ciudad Cuauhtemoc in La Mesilla and once daily to/from Tapachula. From the Mexican side there are taxis or combis (shared ride vans) down to the Mexican immigration station in Ciudad Cuauhtemoc.
* [url=http://www.ticabus.com] Tica Bus[/url] runs the length of the Central American isthmus from Panama City to [wiki=991b13590fefb43008d2e7384a74173b]Tapachula[/wiki] stopping at every Central American capital city and select towns or cities along the way except Belize.
* [url=http://www.transgalgosinter.com.gt/] Trans Galgos Inter[/url] goes from Guatemala City to [wiki=991b13590fefb43008d2e7384a74173b#By_bus]Tapchula[/wiki] via Rethaluleau and El Carmen/Talisman crossing.
Border crossing from [wiki=948b13d5a3e11e21baadc349e199020e]Guatemala[/wiki].
* Cruise ships from United States.
According to the [url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/en/]Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores)[/url], certain foreign nationals who intend to stay in Mexico fewer than 180 days for the purpose of tourism or 30 days for business can fill out a tourist card at the border or upon landing at an airport after presenting a valid passport, without fee. If arriving via air, it is included in the price of the fare. This service is available to citizens of [wiki=68746a7280b143cfc01f967610d3e86d]Andorra[/wiki], [wiki=3536be57ce0713954e454ae6c53ec023]Argentina[/wiki], [wiki=4893b64051cf425047ddd8606dae25f4]Aruba[/wiki], [wiki=4442e4af0916f53a07fb8ca9a49b98ed]Australia[/wiki], [wiki=9891739094756d2605946c867b32ad28]Austria[/wiki], [wiki=6dbefdc38954fc54ea0c697d0c6ec0a7]Bahamas[/wiki], [wiki=6c1674d14bf5f95742f572cddb0641a7]Belgium[/wiki], [wiki=20bca6785240fa722edb5c85d055a93d]Belize[/wiki], [wiki=42537f0fb56e31e20ab9c2305752087d]Brazil[/wiki], [wiki=01a151debf2bfee8906f43f4342eb10b]Bulgaria[/wiki], [wiki=445d337b5cd5de476f99333df6b0c2a7]Canada[/wiki], [wiki=2e6507f70a9cc26fb50f5fd82a83c7ef]Chile[/wiki], [wiki=ef3388cc5659bccb742fb8af762f1bfd]Colombia[/wiki], [wiki=5882b568d8a010ef48a6896f53b6eddb]Costa Rica[/wiki], [wiki=ea2ba3f8011e19e3101ce65fdcefbcc4]Cyprus[/wiki], [wiki=51802d8bb965d0e5be697f07d16922e8]Czech Republic[/wiki], [wiki=424214945ba5615eca039bfe5d731c09]Denmark[/wiki], [wiki=7755415a9fe7022060b98a689236ccd2]Estonia[/wiki], [wiki=6f781c6559a0c605da918096bdb69edf]Finland[/wiki], [wiki=0309a6c666a7a803fdb9db95de71cf01]France[/wiki], [wiki=d8b00929dec65d422303256336ada04f]Germany[/wiki], [wiki=6b718641741f992e68ec3712718561b8]Greece[/wiki], [wiki=8b476ff778119b8d49588f3daadf69a1]Hong Kong[/wiki], [wiki=fa79c3005daec47ecff84a116a0927a1]Hungary[/wiki], [wiki=06e415f918c577f07328a52e24f75d43]Ireland[/wiki], [wiki=b78edab0f52e0d6c195fd0d8c5709d26]Iceland[/wiki], [wiki=5a548c2f5875f10bf5614b7c258876cf]Israel[/wiki], [wiki=1007e1b7f894dfbf72a0eaa80f3bc57e]Italy[/wiki], [wiki=53a577bb3bc587b0c28ab808390f1c9b]Japan[/wiki], [wiki=a09f4b2ae67f0a63ab8912047a1a1b55]Latvia[/wiki], [wiki=da4e3775bd2de6c37fadd9b0188f7a4e]Liechtenstein[/wiki], [wiki=d9051e0b77f8bb5521389618e70e2ada]Lithuania[/wiki], [wiki=06630c890abadde9228ea818ce52b621]Luxembourg[/wiki], [wiki=3f0e49c46cbde0c7adf5ea04a97ab261]Malaysia[/wiki], [wiki=92468e8a62373add2b9caefddbcf1303]Malta[/wiki], [wiki=d6a297c6193fd59309453a0db7a51b90]Monaco[/wiki], [wiki=a67d4cbdd1b59e0ffccc6bafc83eb033]Netherlands[/wiki], [wiki=c51ed580ea5e20c910d951f692512b4d]New Zealand[/wiki], [wiki=d5b9290a0b67727d4ba1ca6059dc31a6]Norway[/wiki], [wiki=6bec347f256837d3539ad619bd489de7]Panama[/wiki], [wiki=84c8fa2341f7d052a1ee3a36ff043798]Peru[/wiki], [wiki=94880bda83bda77c5692876700711f15]Poland[/wiki], [wiki=ea71b362e3ea9969db085abfccdeb10d]Portugal[/wiki], [wiki=0c7d5ae44b2a0be9ebd7d6b9f7d60f20]Romania[/wiki], [wiki=a7db85742c67a70f8764c4d9c53bdb36]San Marino[/wiki], [wiki=458e4cbc78201c1aec5fc53a31c59378]Singapore[/wiki], [wiki=88a392b5a8d8f73986d83a2deefb0472]Slovakia[/wiki], [wiki=00247297c394dd443dc97067830c35f4]Slovenia[/wiki], [wiki=907eba32d950bfab68227fd7ea22999b]Spain[/wiki], [wiki=4d4803b0bb7dab1b0627e4f8277edc5b]South Korea[/wiki], [wiki=c8f4261f9f46e6465709e17ebea7a92b]Sweden[/wiki], [wiki=3ad08396dc5afa78f34f548eea3c1d64]Switzerland[/wiki], [wiki=63965a52775c39cd64c3ef0248d585b1]Trinidad and Tobago[/wiki], [wiki=89f9c9f489be2a83cf57e53b9197d288]United Kingdom[/wiki], [wiki=1f122dd19db580fd03635dd699fb49de]United States of America[/wiki], [wiki=75497a22409db78dcc52c291e078bc10]Uruguay[/wiki] and [wiki=e95294b730f61c8175550ec244bfcb50]Venezuela[/wiki] (see [url=http://www.inm.gob.mx/index.php/page/Paises_No_Visa/en.html]official list[/url]).
Visitors to Mexico are processed at all land and air entry points by officials of the Instituto Nacional de Migración (National Institute of Migration), a unit of the Secretaría de Gobernación (Secretariat of the Interior). These are the names you will see prominently displayed at those entry points.
The current Mexican tourist card is formally known as a Forma Migratoria Múltiple (Multiple Immigration Form), or FMM. The current FMM design as of 2014 is a tall rectangular card. If you are flying into the country, the FMM fee is normally included as part of the ticket price and the FMM forms will be distributed while in-flight. The FMM form has a perforation that divides the card into two parts; the lower part asks for some of the same information requested on the top part. At entry, after reviewing your passport and filled-out FMM, the INM officer will run the machine-readable part of your passport's information page followed by the bar code on the FMM form through a scanner on his computer, stamp your passport and the FMM, separate the FMM along the perforation and give the bottom portion of the FMM back to you with your passport.
Keep the FMM together with your passport at all times. Under Mexican law, it is your responsibility to ensure the bottom portion of the FMM is returned to the Mexican government at time of departure so that the bar code can be scanned, thus showing that you left the country on time. For example, if you are flying with Aeromexico, they may ask for your passport and FMM at check-in for your flight home, then staple your FMM to your boarding pass. You are expected to then hand the boarding pass together with your FMM to the gate agent as you board your flight. If you lose your FMM during your visit to Mexico, you may be subject to substantial delays and a MXN500 fine before you can leave the country.
An [url=http://www.inm.gob.mx/index.php/page/Inicio_Autorizacion_Electronica/en.html]Electronic authorization visa (Autorización Electrónica)[/url] for travelling to Mexico is available on the Internet for nationals from [wiki=221cdfb73049678e244380b45872cbb2]Turkey[/wiki], [wiki=f01fc92b23faa973f3492a23d5a705c5]Ukraine[/wiki], and [wiki=5feb168ca8fb495dcc89b1208cdeb919]Russia[/wiki]. Other nationalities must contact a Mexican consulate in order to find out the requirements for citizens of their country, and may have to apply for and obtain a visa in advance of travel. If you are in need of other information, Mexico has diplomatic offices in [url=http://portal3.sre.gob.mx/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=48&Itemid=11]many cities around the world[/url]. The consulates in the USA are typically open for business to non-citizens (by telephone or in-person) only 08:30-12:30.
Holders of Indian passports can obtain a [url=http://bkpk.me/mexico-visa-waiver-for-indians-with-us-tourist-visas/]visitor visa on arrival[/url] in Mexico when in possession of a valid tourist visa for the USA.
If you cross the border via road, do not expect the authorities to automatically signal you to fill out your paperwork. You will have to find the closest INM office and go through the appropriate procedures on your own to pay the appropriate fee and obtain a valid FMM before proceeding beyond the border zone (roughly 20 miles past the land border with certain exceptions). Unfortunately, because the Mexican government does not trust its own officials to handle money, INM offices at land ports of entry cannot directly accept payment of the FMM fee. Rather, you have to first obtain a form from the INM office, go to a nearby bank to pay the FMM fee (some Mexican banks have constructed branches within walking distance of INM offices for this purpose), obtain proof of payment, and then return to the INM office to obtain your FMM.
In addition, as noted above, if you are driving your own vehicle, you will have to obtain an temporary importation permit before you can drive it beyond the border zone.
The INM officer at your point of entry into Mexico can also request that you demonstrate that you have sufficient economic solvency and (if you are entering by air) a round-trip ticket.
If you do not intend to travel past the border zone and your stay will not exceed three days, US and Canadian nationals need only present proof of citizenship and need not obtain a FMM at the border. Re-entry into the United States generally requires a passport, but a US or Canadian Enhanced Drivers License (or Enhanced Photo ID) or US passport card is acceptable for re-entry by land or sea.
In addition to immigration, you will also have to pass through Mexican customs, especially if entering by air. In Mexico, Aduana (Customs) is part of the Servicio de Administración Tributaria (Tax Administration Service), which in turn is part of the Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit).
At Mexican airports, passing through customs means having to fill out a customs declaration form (which is not necessarily provided in-flight), presenting it to the customs officer, and then pushing a red button which will cause a red or green light to glow at random (historically, the lights were actually mounted as part of a real traffic light).
Visitors selected at random by this mechanism (that is, when the red light is activated) are then required to present all their bags for search by both X-ray scanner and hand.
The legal driving age in Mexico is 16 with parental supervision and 18 without supervision.
Due to a government scheme in the early 1990s to create infrastructure, the best roads are toll roads. Toll roads can be relatively costly (MXN400-800 is common on longer trips) but are much faster and better maintained. First-class buses generally travel by toll roads (and the toll is obviously included in the ticket price).
US vehicle insurance is not valid in Mexico, and while Mexican auto insurance is not required, it is highly recommended, as any minor accident could land you in jail without it. [url=http://www.mexicanautoinsurance.com/]Lewis and Lewis[/url], [url=http://sanbornsinsurance.com/]Sanborns Insurance[/url], [url=https://www.mexicaninsurance.com/Default1.aspx]Oscar Padilla[/url], and AAA offer Mexican auto insurance.
When travelling on Mexican roads, especially near the borders with the United States and Guatemala, you'll probably encounter several checkpoints operated by the Mexican Army searching for illegal weapons and drugs. If you're coming from the United States, you may not be used to this, and it can be intimidating. However, these are rarely a problem for honest people. Simply do what the soldiers tell you to do, and treat them with respect. The best way to show respect when entering a checkpoint is to turn your music down, lift sunglasses from your face, and be prepared to roll your window down. They should treat you with respect as well, and they usually do. If you are asked to unpack any part of your vehicle, do so without complaint. It's their right to make you completely unload in order for them to inspect your cargo.
Tourists are often warned about travelling on roads at night. Although bandidos are rare in more metropolitan areas, err on the side of caution in more rural areas. The best bet is to drive during only daylight hours. Cattle, dogs, and other animals also can appear on the roadway unexpectedly, so if you do have to drive at night, be very cautious. If possible, follow a bus or truck that seems to be driving safely.
Car Rental Companies in Mexico are everywhere in the big cities and airports making it easy to get a rental car while travelling through Mexico. Some of the biggest car rental companies in Mexico are [url=http://www.sixt.com/car-rental/mexico]Sixt rent a car[/url], Avis, Hertz, and several other big brand car rental companies.
The Secretariat of Communication and Transport recently set up a new mapping tool similar to those in the US like Mapquest, its name is [url=http://www.sectur.gob.mx/wb2/sectur/traza_tu_ruta_carretera]Traza Tu Ruta[/url] and is very helpful to find how to get to your destination using Mexico's roads. It is in Spanish but can be used with basic knowledge of the language.
Foreign drivers' licenses are recognized and recommended. Speeding tickets are common, and to ensure your presence at the hearing, the officer may choose to keep your license. He is within his rights to do so. Beware though, police officers are known to keep driver's licenses until they are given a bribe.
At petrol (gas) stations, make sure the pump is zeroed out before the attendant begins pumping your gas so that you don't end up paying more than you should. There is only one brand of gas station (Pemex) and prices are generally the same regardless of location, so don't bother shopping around.
Good maps are invaluable and the Mexico maps included in "North American Road Atlas" books are worse than useless. The Guia Roji maps are particularly good.
See also: [wiki=22aad0d11c1af95ab85ff6b6afcb7958]Driving in Mexico[/wiki]
Mexico is a large country and the low-cost revolution that started in 2005 (following the break up of the CINTRA monopoly, which owned Mexicana and Aeromexico, in 2000) meant that fares were often ridiculously cheap during the first decade of the 2000s if one booked in advance.
Thanks to the Great Recession and soaring fuel prices, the bargain days are mostly gone. Still, one can still find an occasional bargain by using a reliable notification service such as Kayak.com or monitoring the airlines' respective websites. Only Aeromexico's and Volaris's fares are currently syndicated on Kayak, Skyscanner and other similar sites.
The main full-service airlines are:
* [url=http://www.aeromar.com.mx] Aeromar[/url]
* [url=http://www.aeromexico.com] AeroMexico, Aeromexico connect (formerly Aerolitoral)[/url]
* [url=http://www.magnicharters.com] Magnicharters[/url]
* [url=http://www.tarmexico.com] TAR[/url]
Then there are the low-cost carriers such as:
* [url=http://www.interjet.com.mx] Interjet[/url]
* [url=http://www.volaris.com.mx] Volaris[/url]
* [url=http://www.vivaaerobus.com] VivaAerobus[/url]
Other smaller regional/commuter carriers operating mainly non-jet aircraft include:
* [url=http://www.aereocalafia.com.mx/inicio/] Aereo Calafia[/url] serves the northwestern states of Baja Calfornia Sur y Norte, Sonora, Sinaloa, & Jalisco (Pto Vallarta).
* [url=http://www.aerotucan.com.mx/php/index.php] Aerotucan[/url] travels between Oaxaca, Pto Escondido, Huatulco, & Tuxtla Gutierrez
* [url=http://www.aeropacifico.com] Aero Pacifico[/url] serves the cities of Culiacan, La Paz, Los Mochis, & Chihuahua.
* [url=https://www.mayair.com.mx/]Mayair[/url] flies between Cancun, Cozumel, Merida, Villahermosa, & Veracruz.
Always check the individual carrier's Web site to verify where they currently fly. Carriers such as Mexicana, Taesa, Aerocalifornia, Alma de Mexico, Líneas Aéreas Azteca, Aviacsa, and Avolar are no longer in business.
If travelling by bus, be sure to take the express buses, if available (they are called directo). Other buses often stop at many smaller stations along the way, making the trip a lot longer. If you have experience with Greyhound buses in the US, you're in for a pleasant surprise. First class buses are usually direct routes and are the best option for most. These buses are comfortable, have washrooms and will generally show movies, which may or may not be English with Spanish subtitles. Second class buses may be very similar to 1st class just making more stops or in rural areas they may be essentially chicken buses (polleros). Executive and Luxury lines cost about 60% more than first class, may be faster, usually have larger seats, and they have less frequent departures; they are really only a good option for elderly or business travellers. With the advent of NAFTA, some bus companies are now offering service from US cities. The major bus companies offering these kind of services are:
* goes up and down the Baja California Peninsula between Tijuana, Mexicali, La Paz, Los Cabos and anywhere in between.
* operates as ADO, ADO GL, AU, OCC (Omnibus Cristobal Colon), Platino, and some of the local second class lines in the eastern and southeastern part of the the country. They operate mainly in Guerrero, Puebla, Veracruz, Chiapas, Tamaulipas, Tabasco, and the Yucatan Peninsula (Yucatan, Quintana Roo, Campeche).
*
* operates mainly in Aguascaliente, Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michocoan, Nayrit, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora & Zacatecas states and up to the U.S. border. They operate brands such as Elite, TNS (Norte de Sonora), Chihuahuanese, Futura, Pacifico, Oriente, Tranporte Frontera and Americanos as well as a booking agent for onward travel to the U.S. on Greyhound lines.
* Guerrero, Veracruz, DF; and Hidalgo states.
* travels mainly between Mexico City and Puebla
* operates mainly between Mexico City and various places in Mexico, Hidalgo and Queretaro states
* Chiapas, DF, Oaxaca.
*
*
* Aguascaliente, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Mexico (state), Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas & Zacatecas states and the U.S. states of Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, & Texas
* Baja California Norte, Jalisco, Nayrit, Sinaloa & Sonora in Mexico and Arizona, California & Nevada in the USA
* Aguascaliente, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nayrit, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa & Zacatecas states
Travellers heading east (more or less) from Mexico City (TAPO bus terminal) can find ticket information on [url=http://www.ticketbus.com.mx]TicketBus[/url]. Other destinations can be found on individual companies' websites (see above). Schedules for all Mexico are available at [url=http://horariodebuses.com]horariodebuses[/url]
On the other hand if travelling within a city, you won't find a pleasant surprise. You will find one of the most chaotic public transport systems full of the popular "peseros". "Peseros" are small buses with varying color codes depending on the city you are in. Usually the route is written on cardboard attached to the windshield/windscreen or written in soap or chalk on the windshield listing out the places (hospital, university, shopping centers, major landmark, name of neighborhoods, etc) the bus goes through or by. Unlike in many countries, bus stops are uncommon and you are expect to signal the bus to pick you up and drop you off wherever you want. You will rarely find a stop button in a pesero; just shout the word "baja" for it to stop. Fares are cheap and vary from MXN2-7 approximately.
Passenger trains are very limited in Mexico with only a few lines in operation in places like the Copper Canyon in the northern state of Chihuahua. That line is known as the [url=http://www.chepe.com.mx/]Chihuahua Pacific Railway[/url] (Chihuahua del Pacifico) which pull out every morning from both ends of the line, one from Los Mochis on the Pacific coast, across from Baja California, and the other from Chihuahua in the east (due south of El Paso, Texas). They pass each other roughly midways at Divisadero and Barrancas Copper Canyon stations at an altitude of 2100m (7000 ft). This route travels between Chihuahua city, Los Mochis and Topolobampo (near the coast) in Sinaloa state trough the Copper Canyon.
In the state of Jalisco there is also a line which travels from the state capital city of [wiki=82932d9ab70f90dddff4b3af38085ea7]Guadalajara[/wiki] to the tequila distilleries north of Amititlan, as a tour of the distilleries (then as a form of transportation), this is why this line is called the [url=http://www.tequilaexpress.com.mx/]Tequila Express[/url].
Mexico City and Monterrey have subway service, and it might be possible to hop aboard freight cars in some parts of the country (if you happen to be an adventurer. Immigrants from poorer regions of Mexico and from Central America heading up to the US ride the freight trains too).
One upside of the high petroleum prices is that hitching is beginning to be more common in Mexico again, particularly in the rural areas. In areas near big cities, hitching should be more difficult, and is not really advisable due to heightened risk.
[url=https://www.blablacar.mx]BlaBlaCar[/url] can make ridesharing easier and safer, but you are most likely to find rides from and to [wiki=0b4596f8efe110dc55bbe564213dfb33]Mexico City[/wiki].
However, in village areas, this will be really possible and most likely a nice experience. Since villagers have always had a hard time affording gas, and nowadays many are turning to picking up paying hitchhikers as a way to afford the next trip into town. Baja, the Sierra Tarahumara and Oaxaca and Chiapas all have good possibilities for the hitchhiker.
[wiki=4b024db4e58ca08e1449184120a563d8]Hitchhiking[/wiki] possibilities vary according to region. Mexican culture is often accepting of hitchhiking and it's a common practice among Mexican youngsters going to the beach in Easter vacations, though in some cases a money contribution is expected for gas because of its relatively high prices. You should make it clear that you have no money to offer before accepting the ride, if this is the case. If you're willing to pay, trucks will often provide lifts for about half the price of a bus ticket. Of course you may be able to negotiate a better deal. Hitchhiking is considered fairly safe and easy in the [wiki=5ade1fa41cf41823fa05a8343dbd3195]Yucatan Peninsula[/wiki].
The currency of Mexico is the peso (MXN), often symbolized as "$" (as the symbol originated from the [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_sign|]Spanish empire[/url]) locally, divided into 100 centavos. Coins are issued in 5, 10 (steel), 20, 50 centavo (brass; new 50-centavo coins issued from 2011 on are steel and smaller in size) and 1, 2, 5 (steel ring, brass center), 10, 20, 50, and 100 peso (brass ring, steel or silver center) denominations, but it's extremely rare to find coins valued at more than 10 pesos.
Banknotes are produced in MXN20 (blue), MXN50 (pink-red), MXN100 (red), MXN200 (green), MXN500 (brown), and MXN1000 (purple and pink for the latest issue, purple for older issues) denominations. The most recent MXN20 and MXN50 bills are made from polymer plastic, and there are several different series of all banknotes. Ten-peso notes exist, but are very rare.
Do not accept old pesos (issued before 1993): they are practically worthless.
Since the local symbol for pesos is the same as for US dollars, which can be confusing, we use the standard MXN throughout our guides. In areas with a lot of US visitors, you'll often see prices in US dollars labelled as "US$" or "USD" or sporting an "S" with a double instead of a single vertical stroke. As of February 2015, the exchange rate was continuing to hover around MXN14.7 for USD1. US dollars are widely accepted in cities in the northern border zone and in tourist locales elsewhere.
Euros are generally not accepted by merchants, and even banks headquartered in Europe may refuse to accept euros for exchange. On the other hand, most banks and exchange offices ("casas de cambio") will widely accept them.
If you have brought cash in US dollars or euro, the best places to change your money are at your arrival airport (such as MEX and CUN), where many money exchanges are located already in the arrival hall (where you can also compare some exchange rates and choose the most convenient). Be sure to pass through customs and exit to the main arrival hall before looking for foreign exchange booths. Many Mexican airports (including Cancun and Los Cabos) have foreign exchange booths located at the baggage claim before customs, but those booths tend to offer poor exchange rates two or three pesos less than the going market rate.
If you would like to wait until later to obtain Mexican currency, try not to change at your hotel, as the rates there tend to be extremely disadvantageous for tourists. Often, you can find money exchanges at strategic places in most touristic destinations and near the hotel (zones). The exchanges rates should not differ drastically from the ones at airport. If you are unfamiliar with Mexican money (bills, coins), try to stick to official foreign exchange booths. In several internationally popular beach destinations like Cancun and Los Cabos, local merchants are accustomed to US dollars and will often accept them as payment (they even have dual-currency point-of-sale systems, complete with special cash drawers). However, do bear in mind that the convenience of such “private” money exchange usually comes with a slightly unfavorable exchange rate.
Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in Mexico. As in the rest of North America, Visa and MasterCard are universally accepted and American Express is less widely accepted. You can use them at ATMs as well as in most department stores, bigger restaurants, gas stations, but be sure that outside cities you always carry sufficient cash in pesos in your pocket, and generally verify the possibility to pay with card before consumption. Smaller (often family run) businesses often accept only cash. Many retailers will demand an additional fee or surcharge (eg, an extra 5%) for credit cards or will impose a high minimum charge like USD50. Also, you cannot get a lower price if you haggle, unless you pay cash.
While many Pemex stations accept credit cards, especially in locations that have heavy tourist traffic, some do not. Travellers who intend to pay by credit card should always ask the attendant if their card is accepted before the attendant starts the gas pump.
ATMs are ubiquitous and are often bilingual with English menus available. Bank of America customers can avoid ATM fees by using Santander Serfin ATMs. Other banks may have similar policies, check with your respective institution. For example, Banamex bank is owned by Citigroup, the parent of Citibank, and Bancomer is owned by BBVA, which is related to Chase in USA. Ask your bank if they have an alliance with any Mexican banks and any benefits as a result. Otherwise, do not be surprised if exorbitant fees are imposed for each withdrawal; convenience and currency conversion fees by the ATM operator, followed by an out-of-network fee from your own bank.
ATMs in smaller towns often run out of currency. Check with the bank (or locals) about the best time to use the ATM and never wait until the last minute to get cash.
Merchants can be picky about the state of your paper money and may scrutinize it and reject anything with rips, tears, or other obvious signs of damage. Try to keep it in as pristine condition as possible. Reputedly, this is more the case the farther south you go. In any case, you can present a bank with a damaged bill to get it exchanged for a higher-quality one.
Merchants are often reluctant to make change in smaller towns. Try to avoid paying with overly large denominations; the best customer has exact change. In rural areas, your 'change' may consist of Chiclets or other small commodities.
Weights are measured in kilograms. Length is measured in centimetres and metres.
* For clothes and shoe sizes, the "Continental" measurements are used.
Most large hotels/resorts have an on-site gift shop that sells sundries at insanely high prices. For basic supplies, your best options are supermarkets like Comercial Mexicana, Soriana, Casa Ley, or Gigante. Walmart, Sam's Club, and Costco also have many stores throughout the country.
The most ubiquitous convenience store chain is Oxxo, which can be found on nearly every other block in major cities. Kiosks and 7-Eleven are also growing rapidly.
Indigenous Art A visit to anywhere in Mexico will give one the opportunity to buy art made in the "old world" manner that reflects the diverse ethnicity of Mexico. Included in these articles would be textiles, wood carvings, paintings and carved masks that are used on sacred dances and burials.
*Souvenirs All major Mexican resort cities are dotted with numerous souvenir shops where one can find the usual souvenir junk embossed with the city´s name: T-shirts, ceramic mugs, tote bags, keychains, shot glasses, etc. Note that while many of these items are produced in Mexico, they are often actually mass-produced in factories for the entire country (this is especially true of items with a generic, vaguely Mexican theme or logo). So if you visit multiple Mexican cities within the same year, you will likely recognize many of the exact same souvenirs available in those cities, except that each has been customized with that particular city's name. (Although to be fair, the quality of those souvenirs is sometimes quite good.) Most souvenir stores are local operations, although there is one major chain, Fiesta Mexicana, that operates stores throughout the country.
*Timeshares When visiting the resort cities of Mexico (e.g. Cancun, Puerto Vallarta or similar), it is more than common to be approached on the streets, in bars, in restaurants and anywhere with offers of gifts, free rental cars, free nights, free dinners, free anything that may appeal to you, just for visiting and listening to a presentation to buy a timeshare. Unless you are severely desperate for something to do, you may want to ignore those making the offer and stay away from those free offers. While the properties are very nice, great locations and plenty of amenities, this is not the place to learn about timeshares. Do your homework before even thinking about buying a timeshare, see what the values are in the resale market and understand the rights you are buying as well as the future costs. Collecting on the free offers may be difficult, if not impossible.
* Automobiles It's certainly worth going over and importing a car back from there, although ensuring compliance with EU/US standards is the hard part. Recommended are the Ford Fusion (like the British Ford Mondeo, but more upmarket) and the Chrysler 200 (the 2.4 model is worth it). Volkswagens can be substantially better-equipped than European or North American counterparts. The Passat sold in Mexico is NOT the same car as in Europe, and is substantially bigger, however, engines are the same as in Europe, except for the 2.5 petrol.
Department store goods. The major department stores in Mexico are Liverpool, El Palacio de Hierro, Sanborn, and Sears. However, because of Mexico's low per capita wealth and high taxes, most tourists are unlikely to be impressed by the selection or quality of goods available. There is a reason why so many Mexicans who can qualify for US tourist visas prefer to do most of their department store shopping in the United States.
Understand that the country is going through a transitionary period. After president Felipe Calderon came to power in 2006, he declared war on the drug cartels, and they have waged war in turn against the government (and more often, among each other). If you are going into Mexico, be considerate bringing up this issue with your hosts or Mexican friends. Many people do not wish to discuss their country's numerous problems.
Some Mexican northern and border cities such as Tijuana, Nogales, Nuevo Laredo, Chihuahua, Culiacán, Durango, and Juárez can be dangerous if you are not familiar with them, especially at night. Most crime in the northern cities is related to the drug trade and/or police corruption. However, since law enforcement figures are so overwhelmed or involved in the drug business themselves, many northern border towns that were previously somewhat dangerous to begin with are now a hotbed for criminals to act with impunity. Ciudad Juárez, in particular, bears the brunt of this violence, with nearly a quarter of Mexico's overall murders, and travel there should be undertaken only for very important reasons and with extreme caution.
Away from the northern states, cartel-related violence is centered in specific areas, including the Pacific Coast states of Michoacán and Guerrero. However, exercise caution in any major city, especially at night or in high crime areas.
Note that for the most part tourists and travelers are of no interest to the drug cartels. Many popular tourist destinations like Oaxaca, Guanajuato, Los Cabos, Mexico City, Puerto Vallarta, Cancún, Mérida and Guadalajara are largely unaffected by this, simply because there are no borders there. Ciudad Juárez is currently a primary battleground in the drug war, and while foreign travelers are not often targeted here, the presence of two warring cartels, many small opportunistic gangs, and armed police and soldiers has created a chaotic situation to say the least.
Although rarely surprising, the drug violence's new victim is Monterrey. The city at one point was crowned the safest city in Latin America, and the hard-working environment and entrepreneurial spirit was what defined the city for most Mexicans. Today, it has been the latest city to fall into the hands of the drug gangs, and deadly shootouts existed even in broad daylight. People have been kidnapped even in broad daylight in high-profile upscale hotels. The situation has dramatically changed since 2011, but the city has still not fully recovered.
Strangely, Mexico City is the safest city in regard to drug-related violence, and people go there to seek refuge from the border violence because many politicians and the military are there.
Consumption of drugs is not recommended while you are in Mexico because although possession of small amounts of all major narcotics has been decriminalized, consumption in public areas will get you a fine and will most likely get you in trouble with the police. The army also sets up random checkpoints throughout all major highways in search of narcotics and weapons. Drug consumption is also frowned upon by a large percentage of the population.
Since the current drug war began in 2006, there has been occasional wild speculation in the North American English-language media about the risk that Mexico could become a "failed state" controlled directly by one or more drug cartels, with the obvious corollary that U.S. citizens would have to be evacuated with U.S. military assistance (as actually occurred in Liberia in 1990, Sierra Leone in 1992, Albania in 1997, Lebanon in 2006, and Haiti in 2010). As a result, most U.S. border states have publicly acknowledged preparing detailed contingency plans for that possibility, which would require the deployment of a massive number of National Guard troops to secure the U.S.-Mexico border and deal with thousands of Mexican refugees seeking asylum in the U.S.
However, apart from the notorious exception of a single elite military unit that changed sides and became the Los Zetas cartel, the vast majority of Mexican military and police units continue to demonstrate their loyalty to the democratically elected federal government in Mexico City. As of 2012, only three state governments (out of 31 states) are thought to have been compromised by the cartels (according to the Los Angeles Times). Furthermore, as of 2013, the country's security situation has improved significantly under President Enrique Pena Nieto, to the extent where heavily armed soldiers are not frequently seen as they used to be in major tourist areas like Los Cabos and Cancun. Thus, the actual probability of an unexpected regime change occurring during your visit is extremely low and should not discourage you from visiting Mexico.
Jellyfish stings: vinegar or mustard on the skin, take some to the beach with you.
Stingray stings: water as hot as you can bear - the heat deactivates the poison.
Sunburns: Bring sunscreen if going to beaches because you might not find it available in some areas.
Riptides: Very dangerous, particularly during and after storms. Try to swim parallel to the beach even as you are being dragged out; eventually the tide will let go of you and then you can swim back to shore. Do not tire yourself out by trying to swim to shore as the tide is pulling you out, as you will not have the energy to swim back to shore after the tide has let go of you.
When in major cities - especially Mexico City - is better to play it safe with taxis.
The best options are to phone a taxi company, request that your hotel or restaurant call a taxi for you or pick up a Taxi from an established post ("Taxi de Sitio"). Also taxis can be stopped in the middle of the street, which is OK for most of the country, but might be unsafe in Mexico City.
As chaotic as it might be sometimes, the subway (Metro)[http://www.metro.df.gob.mx/] is the best way to move around in Mexico City: it's cheap (MXN5 for a ticket as of Dec 2013), safe, has a large network covering almost anywhere you'd want to go in the city and it's extremely fast, compared to any on-street transportation, since it doesn't have to bear with the constant traffic jams. If you've never been in a crowded subway, avoid peak hours (usually from 06:00-09:00 and 17:00-20:00) and do your homework: check first what line (línea) and station (estación) you want to go to and the address of the place you're trying to reach. Your hotel can give you this information, and maps of the subway system are available on the internet and at the stations. Most stations also have maps of the vicinity.
Avoid taking the subway at late hours of the night, but during the day many stations are patrolled by police officers and the subway is safer than taking the public bus, your major concern in the subway are pickpockets; so keep your important belongings and wallets in a safe place.
If you are travelling by bus do not put your valuables in your big bag in the storage room of the bus. If the police or the military controls the luggage they might take out what they need. Especially in Night Buses when passengers are most likely asleep. The use of a money belt (worn underneath the clothes and out of sight) is highly recommended.
All distances on the signboards and speed limits are in kilometres.
* Gas is also sold by the litre, not by the gallon, and it's a little bit cheaper than in the United States.
If driving in from the [wiki=f75d91cdd36b85cc4a8dfeca4f24fa14]USA[/wiki], always purchase Mexican liability insurance (legal defense coverage recommended) before crossing the border or immediately after crossing. When you are paying for your temporary import permit (for going beyond border areas), often in the same building there are several stalls selling Mexican auto insurance. Even if your American (or Canadian, etc.) insurance covers your vehicle in Mexico, it cannot (by Mexican law) cover liability (i.e. hitting something or injuring someone). You will probably spend time in a Mexican jail if you are involved in an automobile crash without it. And even if your own insurance does (in theory) provide liability coverage in Mexico -- you'll be filing your claim from behind bars! Don't risk it, get Mexican auto insurance.
Never drive above the speed limit or run stop signs/red lights as Mexican police will use any excuse to pull over tourists and give you a ticket. If pulled over by a police officer soliciting a bribe, do not pay the amount requested, but pull out USD50 or MXN500, and explain that it is all you have. This technique has worked in the past (but it does not work in Mexico City), but it is corruption. Corruption also is a crime in Mexico, so make a conscious choice. The fine for speeding could be as much as USD100, depending on the city.
As of April 2011, police across the country are cracking down on drunken driving, particularly in Mexico City, the larger cities and the beach resorts. There are random checkpoints throughout the country in which every driver has to stop and take an automated inebriation test. If you fail, you will end up in a Mexican prison. If you wouldn't drive drunk back home, don't do it in Mexico.
You will mostly find beggars and windshield cleaners in some red lights; having your windows closed at all times is especially recommendable in some areas of Mexico City. The windshield cleaners will try to clean yours: a strong and firm "NO" is suggested.
There are bus services available from [wiki=9c395beea3c21ee027d792d4d0f773f8]Chetumal[/wiki] to [wiki=76bfa11eb964569c3959f24761848875]Belmopan[/wiki] and [wiki=79c53fed650aeadc9445f6015b323abe]Belize City[/wiki], as well as a bus to [wiki=79c53fed650aeadc9445f6015b323abe]Belize City[/wiki] from [wiki=fd5a6f048c89ada0ec63459c7d4467dc]Cancun[/wiki].
There is also a once daily boat service going from [wiki=9c395beea3c21ee027d792d4d0f773f8]Chetumal[/wiki] to [wiki=5f5d0ee50a54dc3876c192b6b0bd9b0b]Ambergris Caye[/wiki] and [wiki=2254120299b5cea30c62b78557f40bbf]Caye Caulker[/wiki]. Although more expensive than going via bus to Belize City and getting a boat from there to the cayes, this direct boat is much quicker.
Over Tenosique, La Palma, by boat on the river Rio San Pedro to Naranja ([wiki=948b13d5a3e11e21baadc349e199020e]Guatemala[/wiki]).
This route is not used by many and still has a touch of adventure. Stay firm when negotiating over the price. Absolutely important! Make sure you get your passport stamped before you leave Naranja or you might catch one of the rare buses back and take a walk through the jungle as the emigrations office is part up the river between the Mexican border and the village.
The U.S. generally requires a passport for entry. A few express ID cards and trusted traveler cards are also acceptable. U.S. and Canadian citizens seeking entry or reentry by land or sea may use an Enhanced Driver License in place of a passport. U.S. permanent residents need their permanent resident card and may need the passport from their home country.
Foreign nationals entering the United States without a permanent resident stamp, including those on the Visa Waiver Program, typically receive an I-94 Arrival-Departure Record or I-94W Visa Waiver Arrival-Departure Record upon arrival in the United States. So long as the I-94 has not expired, you can use it to reenter the United States with your passport; however, if you hand it in upon exit, you will need to obtain a new card if your visa allows another entry or, if on the Visa Waiver Program, pay a fee of about USD6 to reenter the United States.
Unless you are not going to return to the United States, keep your I-94 when leaving the [wiki=1f122dd19db580fd03635dd699fb49de]United States of America[/wiki] or you will have a difficult time getting back in, and if your visa is limited to a certain number of entries, you may need to use another entry.
Visa Waiver participants cannot reset the 90-day counter unless they leave the Western Hemisphere, so ducking into México will not allow you another 90 days.
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