It is said that Christopher Columbus sighted Saba on his trans-Atlantic voyage, but did not land due to the rocky shores. The island was colonized in 1640 when a group from the Dutch West India Company were sent in from neighboring [wiki=f76baf689c7b137e81863e54c09d5d30]Sint Eustatius[/wiki]. In 1664 these settlers were evicted by the notorious buccaneer Sir Henry Morgan. This is one of the few times that the rough terrain of Saba was successfully invaded. The [wiki=a67d4cbdd1b59e0ffccc6bafc83eb033]Netherlands[/wiki] finally took over in 1816, and that is how it remains today.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, Saba was a haven to pirates throughout the Caribbean. Most notably, Hiriam Breaks took residence in Saba, who coined "Dead Men Tell No Tales."
Sugar and rum were Saba's chief exports through the 18th century, as well as fishing (particularly lobster fishing) later. Once trade routes became more open, Saban Lace (a derivative of Spanish Lace) became very popular. By 1928 the women of Saba were exporting $15,000 (USD) worth of lace yearly.
For a long time the only way in and out of Saba was through treacherous Ladder Bay. The Ladder is a series of rocks with a near vertical grade. Finally in the 20th century, a self-educated local engineer took interest in connecting the villages of Saba with a road deemed impossible by engineers before him.
Museum showing the history and life of approx. 100 years ago is the Harry L.Johnson Museum.
A Museum that is focusing on the relation with the Netherlands (West India Company- WIC) and also artefects from the Netherlands from between 1600 and 1850 is Dutch Museum Saba. Both museums are located in Windwardside.
There are four small villages on Saba.
* The Bottom is the largest and is the capital of the island.
* Windwardside - the second largest village and home to most of the shopping and tourist attractions in Saba. The regular sea breeze usually renders air-conditioning unnecessary, and makes it a nice choice for accommodation. Located between Hell's Gate and St. John's.
* Hell's Gate - the first village passed when traveling from the airport
* St. John's - the smallest village and largely residential. It does, however, contain both of the island's schools (primary and secondary), as well as a church and a couple eateries. It lies along the road between The Bottom and Windwardside.
Josephus Lambert Hassell was the engineer who, in 1943, designed and supervised the building of the road from Fort Bay to The Bottom. Over the next 20 years, 14 km of road was painstakingly laid by hand and wheelbarrow by locals. It is said the men of Hell's Gate put in the most effort on the project because they were the farthest removed from the bay. Of course, the addition of the airport later would turn the main arriving point of the island around.
Opened in 1963, Saba's airport is a 1300 feet (400 m) length of runway sitting on Saba's biggest and flattest portion of land. Many pilots rate it as the world's most dangerous airport, even though no major tragedies have occurred there. The runway is marked with a large white X at each end denoting that it is not for commercial flights. In fact, pilots needs special training to land there, and Winair is the only airline currently serving flights on the DHC-6 Twin Otter.
The danger of the airport comes from its location in relation to the island. The side by which aircraft come in is flanked by a large cliff that the plane flies directly toward before banking hard left to get in line with the runway. The airport is 60 feet above the ocean, and sheer cliff on both sides of the runway leads to those rocky depths, running the risk of airplanes over shooting the runway and falling into the ocean. A crosswind will cause airplanes to renege flights, as the rough turbulence can give even good pilots a hard time.
Travelers should know about this ahead of time, but the lack of a tragedy should put them at ease about the trip which occurs 5 times a day. The airport is the shortest international runway in the world. It has a bar, no air traffic control station, and the airport manager is known by pilots for paying close attention to every incoming flight, and if it rated as too sloppy he will most assuredly complain.
Saba has a lot of different types of plant life on the island, most notably its wild orchids. An orchid researcher found 9 different types of wild orchids on the island on his initial 2 week trip in 2003 and is expecting to find many more in the future. You can't go too far without seeing these wild orchids as they grow along hiking trails, in gardens throughout the island, and even along the side of The Road.
Over 60 species of birds inhabit the island, while over 200 kinds of fish swim near its shores. All of this diversity comes from Saba's unique ecology. The ocean surrounding the island goes from fairly shallow to very deep, with pinnacles scattered throughout. A fair portion of the island is considered rain forest, and Mount Scenery gives a diverse range of climate in which living things can thrive.
Be it lizards, aphids, sea life, or otherwise, Saba offers a level of diversity that seems impossible given its extremely small size.
Although Saba is part of the [wiki=a67d4cbdd1b59e0ffccc6bafc83eb033]European Netherlands[/wiki] makeup, those living ouside the public bodies of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba have limited freedom to visit Saba. Dutch nationals and citizens living outside the public bodies can visit Saba visa-free for 6 months. The Dutch identity card is not valid in Bonaire, instead the Identity card BES is required to enter Saba.
Those living in the countries and territories listed below can visit Saba visa-free for 30 to 60 days.
[wiki=9a18968af130ca0040b68b9e2eec4838]European Union[/wiki]/European Free Trade Association countries, [wiki=c420ddff824a5c0eec70dd23d62496bc]Albania[/wiki], [wiki=f7e68bf0791888ebcd5bfc62e022aa83]Antigua and Barbuda[/wiki], [wiki=3536be57ce0713954e454ae6c53ec023]Argentina[/wiki], [wiki=4442e4af0916f53a07fb8ca9a49b98ed]Australia[/wiki], [wiki=6dbefdc38954fc54ea0c697d0c6ec0a7]Bahamas[/wiki], [wiki=20bca6785240fa722edb5c85d055a93d]Belize[/wiki], [wiki=96a6dd711874d4323dc2d3f932bd2ed3]Bosnia and Herzegovina[/wiki], [wiki=42537f0fb56e31e20ab9c2305752087d]Brazil[/wiki]. [wiki=d3f5841f04ba23bb90e1b9f4256cea70]Brunei[/wiki], [wiki=445d337b5cd5de476f99333df6b0c2a7]Canada[/wiki], [wiki=2e6507f70a9cc26fb50f5fd82a83c7ef]Chile[/wiki], [wiki=5882b568d8a010ef48a6896f53b6eddb]Costa Rica[/wiki], [wiki=531c552093668f148d3c826fca6e3cc8]Dominica[/wiki], [wiki=4d5d85af33ec2aaedb674d2d6a7d53b6]Ecuador[/wiki], [wiki=e96d24bdfc024e04f49f1f0cc011ca20]El Salvador[/wiki], [wiki=45b1cb9a558807139085c645d2f47f07]Grenada[/wiki], [wiki=948b13d5a3e11e21baadc349e199020e]Guatemala[/wiki], [wiki=cf4c7e1169281886577940e361854a84]Guyana[/wiki], [wiki=f4270ce39e7e926052e097a0e4e63bde]Honduras[/wiki], [wiki=8b476ff778119b8d49588f3daadf69a1]Hong Kong[/wiki], [wiki=5a548c2f5875f10bf5614b7c258876cf]Israel[/wiki], [wiki=53a577bb3bc587b0c28ab808390f1c9b]Japan[/wiki], [wiki=9d6c9d893aa285a736aeabb2b66b316f]Macau[/wiki], [wiki=5547baeda33255ad8f5307fc92cb589e]Macedonia[/wiki], [wiki=3f0e49c46cbde0c7adf5ea04a97ab261]Malaysia[/wiki], [wiki=5d13a621137ef359fc2d5eca5cfc02d0]Mairitius[/wiki], [wiki=8dbb07a18d46f63d8b3c8994d5ccc351]Mexico[/wiki], [wiki=0c12f5495afe76d9242ed25668979de9]Moldova[/wiki], [wiki=4e92f9d2cdf0b8eb493ae3a19709d121]Montenegro[/wiki], [wiki=c51ed580ea5e20c910d951f692512b4d]New Zealand[/wiki], [wiki=3bfe17f6c2d1b8941df303de7aec2eb0]Nicaragua[/wiki], [wiki=6bec347f256837d3539ad619bd489de7]Panama[/wiki], [wiki=73101738da81e5cbb87b64cd400a4405]Paraguay[/wiki], [wiki=5976169ac1852fff6f0b9095100407fc]Saint Kitts and Nevis[/wiki], [wiki=d1ef233007d706d71aa6d46642d5f804]Saint Lucia[/wiki], [wiki=c6f5008606ccd26c840a52657d671c4b]Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[/wiki], [wiki=a7db85742c67a70f8764c4d9c53bdb36]San Marino[/wiki], [wiki=2ff6e535bd2f100979a171ad430e642b]Serbia[/wiki], [wiki=d2e4449b45608e33e472d939a73868f7]Seychelles[/wiki], [wiki=458e4cbc78201c1aec5fc53a31c59378]Singapore[/wiki], [wiki=64446ac025106d201779cb4bf5ab6b2e]Suriname[/wiki], [wiki=4d4803b0bb7dab1b0627e4f8277edc5b]South Korea[/wiki], [wiki=551fe18ef47d4e6e9d943b9a68ada21d]Taiwan[/wiki], [wiki=63965a52775c39cd64c3ef0248d585b1]Trinidad and Tobago[/wiki], [wiki=8f6f28f0d2061af28bcf49d1725b2cbd]United Arab Emirates[/wiki], [wiki=f253efe302d32ab264a76e0ce65be769]United States[/wiki], [wiki=fa3e5c8f0bc9db2e3448193a93cc2f59]Vatican City[/wiki], and[wiki=e95294b730f61c8175550ec244bfcb50]Venezuela[/wiki]. Those living in British Overseas Territories must follow the same visa exempt policy as the other countries mentioned.
Citizens of [wiki=445d337b5cd5de476f99333df6b0c2a7]Canada[/wiki], [wiki=a67d4cbdd1b59e0ffccc6bafc83eb033]European Netherlands[/wiki], [wiki=06e415f918c577f07328a52e24f75d43]Ireland[/wiki], [wiki=26a0859a2c10745426a8c452020830db]Saint Martin[/wiki], a Schengen country, [wiki=f253efe302d32ab264a76e0ce65be769]United States[/wiki], [wiki=89f9c9f489be2a83cf57e53b9197d288]United Kingdom[/wiki] holding a valid residence permit of the country/territory you live in are exempted from the visa requirement.
Captain, crew and passangers aboard a ship or aircraft are exempted from the visa requirement for no longer than 48 hours.
Those holding a official United Nations Laissez-Passer are exepmted from the visa requirement.
Saba is a 15 minutes plane ride from [wiki=f69235a854b73b26a0bcf8a748490067]St. Maarten[/wiki]'s Juliana International Airport, the regions largest airport with flights to the US and Europe. [url=http://www.fly-winair.com/]Winair[/url] is the airline used to get to and from Saba, and flights occur about 5 times a day (wind permitting).
Two boats offer ferry service to and from Saba: Dawn II and The Edge. Dawn II travels on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Check out www.sabactransport.com for the current schedule and rates. The Edge travels between Saba and [wiki=26a0859a2c10745426a8c452020830db]Saint Martin[/wiki] Wednesday through Sunday, leaving St. Martin.
Saba has one main road which was laid by hand starting in 1939 and wasn't complete until 1961. It runs from the airport to the harbor, and passes all 4 villages of the island. Taxis can be called to travel from one town to another, and considering the treacherous nature of the road (not to mention the length), it is probably not wise to walk it.
The taxi rates from town to town are strictly regulated, so, your likelihood of being hustled is slim. Two people with 3 bags, airport to Windwardside: $15. Windwardside to The Bottom, 2 people: $10. (prices as of 1/1/2011)
It is also possible to rent a car in Saba at:
*
*
Pay attention on how the locals drive on the road and be careful of the steep roads when going down.
If you stay in [wiki=7339b1b814daae26ee18dd2ed6e79aa6]Windwardside[/wiki], you can walk to anywhere in Windwardside, and likewise for any of the other villages. But if you stay in one village and want to get to the next, it's probably best to just call a taxi or get a ride in some way. Some of the grocery stores will offer delivery service to where you stay, so don't worry about not being able to carry them all back with you if you walked there (be sure to ask if they offer it before you start buying). Walking along The Road to the Bottom is not particularly pleasant, since traffic is fast and the road is narrow. A pleasant alternative, if somewhat steep, is the walking trail which leaves the Road at the Saba trail shop and meets up with it again directly uphill from the Medical School.
The people on Saba are very friendly, so hitchhiking from town to town isn't rare. Taxi drivers have even been known to pick up hitchers, not charging them for the ride if that's the direction they're going anyway.
Mount Scenery (862 m) on Saba has the highest elevation in all of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. There is a hiking trail to go up the mountain that starts just outside [wiki=7339b1b814daae26ee18dd2ed6e79aa6]Windwardside[/wiki]. It is best to hike up in the morning as the peak is often fogged in the afternoon.
* Hiking Trails offer a nice view of Saba's flora and unique beauty. Some pass old ruins, some delve into caves, some go around the uninhabited side of the island, some go through the rain forest, and all offer something different. All trails are very well marked and in good condition. An excellent trail map is widely available.
*A road (not The Road) from [wiki=7339b1b814daae26ee18dd2ed6e79aa6]Windwardside[/wiki] leads up to Booby Hill which has a few things to see. JoBean's Glass Studio is on that road, as well as a Guava tree orchard.
Wall Dives can be an almost humorous experience because the sea life that live along the wall may think that the wall itself is down, and orient themselves in that direction. Walls also offer lots of nooks and crannies in which sea life can live and hide, so you often see a wide variety of life on the wall.
The seabeds surrounding Saba are so diverse that any level of diver can go there and have a good time. It doesn't matter if you're Open Water, Advanced Open Water, Nitrox, or whatever, the sea offers dives for you and the dive shops do their best to work with your wants.